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Norfolk Island's Reef

Discover a fragile paradise – Norfolk Island's beaches, lagoons and coral reef
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    • Everything Else
    • Kingston, Norfolk Island
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    • Sharks
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  • Out on a swim - blog
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Out on A Swim

‘Out on a swim’ is a coral reef blog that tells the stories of the characters who live under the waves and what has caught my eye when ‘out on a swim’ in the lagoons of Norfolk Island. It is also a record of the difficulties Norfolk Island’s reef faces, like many others around the world, as a result of the poor water quality that has been allowed to flow onto it.

This page shows the most recent blog posts. For the complete catalogue, visit the ‘Out on a swim index’ page.

This blog is rated in the Top 20 Coral Reef Blogs in the world.

Emily Bay: Paragoniastrea australensis, also known as the lesser star coral, is a species of stony corals in the family Merulinidae. It occurs in shallow water in the Indo-Pacific region. (Source Wikipedia)

The ancient massives!

March 20, 2022

We have some beauties when it comes to brain corals inside our lagoons. They are quite amazing, and a hugely important part of a healthy reef. Here’s the low down!

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Tags corals, coral reef, Norfolk Island, brain coral, Cnidaria
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The Norfolk chromis, or Chromis norfolkensis

Norfolk chromis, the kissing fish

March 6, 2022

Norfolk Island now has a new species of fish. What was once classified as Chromis fumea has been recognised as a separate species, Chromis norfolkensis.

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Tonna melanostoma

Citizen science in action on Norfolk Island

February 28, 2022

My photos of the Tonna melanostoma, a giant underwater mollusc, are the only ones of the live animal in the public domain. We are so fortunate to have these special and rare creatures living in our coral-reef lagoons; their existence here serves to highlight what a special habitat Norfolk Island’s reef really is. It is an ecosystem that must be preserved at all costs.

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Tags Tonna melanostoma, Royal Belgian Society for Conchology, molluscs, tun shell, Emily Bay, Gloria Maris, ecosystem, rare sea snail
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Island Sea Star - Astrostole rodolphi

Sea stars? Starfish? What’s the difference?

February 7, 2022

Marine scientists have been giving these underwater stars an image makeover. The starfish of our childhoods, for those of you who have a few beachside summers under your beach towel, is now more properly known as a sea star. They have seawater for blood, two stomachs, no brain, and tiny ‘eyes’ at the end of each arm!

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In Sea stars Tags starfish, sea stars, Norfolk Island, ocean, coral reef
1 Comment

Remnant reef overgrown with algae, 31 January 2022, Emily Bay, Norfolk Island

Come on in. The water's fine ...

January 31, 2022

As Costa Georgiadis says, nature tells the truth, and we must only look at our reef on Norfolk Island to know its truth. We, as custodians, have not been caring enough for it and now that carelessness is coming home to roost.

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In Environmental degradation Tags corals, coral reef, environment, ecosystems, alagae, pollution, Norfolk Island, Coral disease, water quality
2 Comments

The Great Big Coral Spawn Myth

January 18, 2022

The mass spawning coral myth, debunked: coral mass spawning has captured the imagination of the public, while some of the coverage in the media has cemented a number of myths surrounding the event. The most pervasive being that mass spawning only occurs on one night each year. Not true! Read more here.

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In Corals Tags Coral, coral spawning, coral reproduction, Norfolk Island, spawning, coral reef
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Old Gnarly the swal doodle, Emily Bay, Norfolk Island

Old Gnarly, the swal doodle

January 1, 2022

When I’m out on my swim, one guy I always stop by and say hello to is Old Gnarly, a spotted porcupinefish known here as a swal doodle. He knows when I arrive. The first thing you see are his big luminescent white lips as he floats to the door of his cave. We pause, study each other for a moment, then I give him the thumbs up before continuing my swim. It is a precious moment when you connect with a wild animal like this, and it makes my day.

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Tags porcupinefish, puffer fish, Emily Bay, swal doodle
1 Comment

Pink coral spawn floating on the surface of Emily Bay, Norfolk Island, 28 December 2021

Coral spawning, Norfolk Island 2021

December 29, 2021

Out on a swim on the morning of 27 December 2021, the mood was palpably different. Call me fanciful, but I immediately noticed a frisson of excitement among the fish. Lots of activity and agitation. And all kinds of slightly unusual observations. The annual coral spawning here on Norfolk Island had begun.

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Tags coral spawning, coral reef, coral reproduction, Norfolk Island, corals
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Stylocheilus striatus – commonly called the lined sea hare, blue ring sea hare or furry sea hare

Furry sea hares as eco-warriors

December 12, 2021

Stylocheilus striatus – commonly called the lined sea hare, blue ring sea hare or furry sea hare – have appeared in numbers at one end of the shallows of Emily Bay. These little sea hares are great to have around as they consume the toxic blue-green alga that fish and other herbivores don’t or can’t eat or tolerate.

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Tags sea hares, eco-warriors, ecosystem, algae, nutrients, pollution, water quality, Emily Bay
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#LittleFig, my puppa, following me in for a swim at Cemetery Bay, the island’s dog beach.

Penis fencing flatworms

November 2, 2021

Here’s a quick round up of what has been happening on Norfolk Island’s reef in the last couple of weeks. There is always so much going on. Read on to find out about the mating habits of flatworms, and see a busy bluestreak cleaner wrasse hard at work cleaning his wide variety of customers.

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Tags flatworms, Coral disease, Emily Bay, pollution, cleaner wrasse

Surge wrasse - Thalassoma purpureum

Nuptial colouration in blennies

October 12, 2021

Warmer water and some behavioural changes: some fish are getting their nuptial colours on, while others have started incubating eggs in their mouth. It is all happening ‘out on a swim’. Catch up on the last week in Norfolk Island’s lagoons here.

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Tags nuptual colouration, Blenny, Emily Bay, Raft, pontoon, Southern Eagle Ray, environment, ecosystem, water quality
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Bubble-tip anemone

Turtles and snake eels

September 28, 2021

Emily Bay never fails to lift my spirits. Today in my ‘Out on a Swim’ blog, I talk about our beautiful, elegant snake eels. We have at least three different species. I also saw my elusive spotfin squirrelfish, and our two resident green sea turtles snoozing next to each other. Naawww!

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Tags Green sea turtle, Snake eel, banded snake eel, Convict snake eel
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Full moon rising over our home on Norfolk Island, #DownArthurs

Full moon rising over our home on Norfolk Island, #DownArthurs

September full moon on Norfolk Island

September 21, 2021

The full moon last night brought us some beautiful, settled weather, right on cue, which meant I was able to get out into Slaughter Bay for the first time in ages. Click here to read what was happening in the coral reef lagoons of Norfolk Island.

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Tags Coral disease, corals, coral reef, Lady Musgrave blenny
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Emily Bay in the spring sunshine. The seas outside the lagoons were wild this week.

Emily Bay in the spring sunshine. The seas outside the lagoons were wild this week.

Jockeying for space on the reef

September 14, 2021

I won’t lie, it has been a wipe-out in the bays this week with huge swells and poor visibility. I more than made up for it this morning. Everyone was out and about enjoying the spring sunshine. Apart from the turtle. She was asleep! Read here to find out who else was enjoying the sunshine.

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Tags corals, coral reef, Bluespine unicornfish, Green sea turtle, butterflyfish, bluespotted cornetfish
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A school of sand mullet, Myxus elongatus

Report released into the health of Norfolk Island's reef

September 7, 2021

This week’s observations while out on a swim, included some very active and inquisitive green moon wrasse. One, in particular, followed me for a good half an hour as I made my way around the reef off the Salt House. Find out more about what was happening beneath the waves on Norfolk Island this week.

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Tags sea hares, green moon wrasse, sand mullet, school of fish, Emily Bay, water quality, pollution, Sydney Institute of Marine Science
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Convict snake eel - Leiuranus versicolor

Banded, convict and spotted snake eels - know the difference

August 31, 2021

A beautiful banded snake eel, Leiuranus semicinctus, popped into view on Saturday. These gorgeous guys are docile and will dive head first into the sand if you get too close. Read on to discover how many types of snake eel we have in Norfolk Island’s lagoons.

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Tags Snake eel, banded snake eel, Convict snake eel, Spotted snake eel, Norfolk cardinalfish, Emily Bay, cleaner wrasse
1 Comment

When corals go blue!

August 24, 2021

August is the coldest month of the year in the water here on Norfolk Island, with the temperature hovering around 18–19C. Not only do some swimmers turn a little bit blue if they stay in too long, so too do some of the corals. Read on to find out why.

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Tags butterflyfish, Tracy Ainsworth, Sydney Institute of Marine Science, blue coral, Coral, coral reef
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Snubnose dart

Winter snorkelling on our reef

August 17, 2021

I can guarantee that each time I head out into Norfolk Island’s lagoons I will see something new or interesting. This week was no different. Here is a quick wrap up of some of my more noteworthy observations this week while out on a swim.

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Tags snubnosed dart, Bluespine unicornfish, blacktip morwong, Atagema spongiosa, Green sea turtle, Southern Eagle Ray
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Collector urchin - Tripneustes gratilla

Collector urchin - Tripneustes gratilla

The importance of sea urchins

August 10, 2021

August on Norfolk Island is the coolest month of the year. The southerly winds have been bringing in pounding surf and reduced visibility in the bays. For those who are interested, the water temperature has been hovering between 17C and 18C. This week I showcase some of the different species of sea urchins in our bays and provide a few fast facts about them.

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Tags sea urchin, wunna, sea slugs, environment
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Healthy Acropora, plate coral, in Cemetery Bay

Healthy Acropora, plate coral, in Cemetery Bay

The state of play on Norfolk Island's reef

August 3, 2021

We’ve had more than 55 years of warnings, reports and alarm bells about the water quality entering ‘pristine’ Emily and Slaughter Bays, so we know exactly what is harming our marine ecosystem. Now we just have to fix it.

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Featured
Aglow among the spines
Oct 25, 2025
Aglow among the spines
Oct 25, 2025

Ever seen a sea urchin that seems to glow blue from the shadows? That’s Diadema savignyi showing off its reef shimmer. Beautiful, a little spiky, and definitely not to be messed with.

Oct 25, 2025
The funky seventies sea slug – Halgerda willeyi
Oct 15, 2025
The funky seventies sea slug – Halgerda willeyi
Oct 15, 2025

If ever a sea slug was channeling the 1970s, it’s Halgerda willeyi. With its groovy orange lines and chocolate-brown bumps, it looks straight out of a vintage lounge suite – the kind with shag pile carpet and bold floral cushions. Proof that nature was nailing retro design long before humans caught on.

Oct 15, 2025
Haddon's barometer
Oct 5, 2025
Haddon's barometer
Oct 5, 2025

This Haddon’s anemone has been quietly living in the middle of Norfolk Island’s Emily Bay for years, bleaching and recovering with the seasons. Like corals, sea anemones host microscopic algae that provide most of their food. When stressed by heat or rainfall changes, they lose colour – and tell a story about seasonal changes to the weather.

Oct 5, 2025
Honoured to be featured
Sep 30, 2025
Honoured to be featured
Sep 30, 2025

I left school in the UK nearly 50 years ago, so it was a pleasant surprise to be invited to share some images and take part in an interview for an article about my work, to be published in the annual glossy magazine the school now produces. Here is the end product.

Sep 30, 2025
Celebrating Biodiversity Month on Norfolk Island
Sep 7, 2025
Celebrating Biodiversity Month on Norfolk Island
Sep 7, 2025

September is Biodiversity Month – the perfect time to celebrate the astonishing variety of life on Norfolk Island’s reef. From new fish sightings to coral mosaics, every observation is a reminder of how much there is still to learn and protect.

Read more about why biodiversity matters, globally and right here in our lagoon.

Sep 7, 2025
The fate of a coral colony when it succumbs to white syndrome – four years on
Aug 24, 2025
The fate of a coral colony when it succumbs to white syndrome – four years on
Aug 24, 2025

I’ve tracked one plating Acropora coral from 2021 to 2025. In just a few weeks, white syndrome wiped it out. Nearly four years years on, it’s still smothered in algae and sea squirts, with only the tiniest hint of new growth. It’s a stark reminder: without tackling the root cause, we’re just watching the same sad story repeat itself.

Aug 24, 2025
The Candy-Striped Cleaner Keeping the Reef Healthy
Aug 17, 2025
The Candy-Striped Cleaner Keeping the Reef Healthy
Aug 17, 2025

Candy-cane stripes, long white feelers, and a reef spa on offer – the banded coral shrimp waves its antennae to advertise cleaning services to passing fish.

Aug 17, 2025
Biomimicry: How a Boxfish Caught Mercedes Benz’s Eye
Aug 10, 2025
Biomimicry: How a Boxfish Caught Mercedes Benz’s Eye
Aug 10, 2025

Meet Mr Lemonhead – our lagoon’s teeny yellow boxfish with a big design legacy. He inspired a Mercedes Benz concept car, proving how nature is full of surprises. And he shares the lagoon with other critters whose tricks have also shaped real-world inventions.

Aug 10, 2025
Patchwork Corals: How Colonies Fuse to Form Living Mosaics
Aug 3, 2025
Patchwork Corals: How Colonies Fuse to Form Living Mosaics
Aug 3, 2025

Some corals wear more than one colour for a reason. When Paragoniastrea australensis colonies fuse early in life, they form living mosaics. A beautiful reminder of coral cooperation on Norfolk Island’s reef.

Aug 3, 2025
Reef relief
Jul 28, 2025
Reef relief
Jul 28, 2025

Today, 28 July, is World Nature Conservation Day. After the dry 2024, Norfolk Island’s reef is looking healthier – a brief reprieve as less water - laden with nutrients - flowed into the lagoon. These photos show what’s possible. It’s a reminder that recovery is within reach – though renewed runoff could quickly undo the gains.

Jul 28, 2025

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