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Norfolk Island's Reef

Discover a fragile paradise – Norfolk Island's beaches, lagoons and coral reef
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Out on A Swim

‘Out on a swim’ is a coral reef blog that tells the stories of the characters who live under the waves and what has caught my eye when ‘out on a swim’ in the lagoons of Norfolk Island. It is also a record of the difficulties Norfolk Island’s reef faces, like many others around the world, as a result of the poor water quality that has been allowed to flow onto it.

This page shows the most recent blog posts. For the complete catalogue, visit the ‘Out on a swim index’ page.

This blog is rated in the Top 20 Coral Reef Blogs in the world.

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Cemetery Bay, Norfolk Island

Old friends return

June 22, 2021

This week in the Norfolk Island lagoons saw some old friends return and some new (to me) visitors that appeared in Emily Bay for the first time. I also paid a visit to the more exposed Cemetery Bay for the first time since wild winds and surf went through earlier this month and last month.

On 16 June, I came across two of our larger parrotfish species – the marbled parrotfish, Leptoscarus vaigiensis and the bluebarred parrotfish, Scarus ghobban – hanging out together just off the Salt House in Emily Bay. I’ve watched both of these individuals grow into adulthood. Having started out in the shallows of Emily Bay, the marbled parrotfish tends to prefer the outer areas of the reef, near to where a channel was previously blasted through the reef. The bluebarred parrotfish is more wide-ranging and less skittish, happy to let me watch as he feeds off the algae using his two fused front teeth. This feature is what differentiates parrotfish from their close relatives, the large wrasse, Labridae, family.

View fullsize Marbled parrotfish - Leptoscarus vaigiensis
Marbled parrotfish - Leptoscarus vaigiensis
View fullsize Bluebarred parrotfish - Scarus ghobban
Bluebarred parrotfish - Scarus ghobban

Other welcome visitors included our regular pair of snubnosed darts, Trachinotus blochii. These two love to placidly graze in the shallows at the Lone Pine end of Emily Bay, but I have also seen them in the sandy shallows at Slaughter Bay. One of them has a distinctive nip out of his tail, so I can tell it is the same pair.

The following day I saw a solo convict surgeonfish, Acanthurus triostegus, for the first time in the Emily Bay lagoon. I’ve only ever seen these in Cemetery Bay before, and usually in small schools of the same species.

View fullsize Snubnose dart - Trachinotus blochii
Snubnose dart - Trachinotus blochii
View fullsize Convict surgeonfish - Acanthurus triostegus
Convict surgeonfish - Acanthurus triostegus

I also found hiding in plain sight a rather weird looking coral, called Rhodactis bryoides. Once I’d seen one or two, then I saw a whole carpet of them. These were all on the reef immediately adjacent to the Salt House.

Finally, a brief word about Cemetery Bay. I ventured into the water there on Sunday for the first time in perhaps a couple of months. In the intervening time we’ve had those huge swells and surf I mentioned in my nature journal published on 8 June. At the far end, away from the cemetery, the beach has been scoured out, with rocks and sand dumped liberally up onto the grassed area above. In the lagoon it was unrecognisable, with drifts of sand filling the channels, and some smashed coral. Hopefully, over time, the sand will clear naturally. But for the moment it is quite a different scene below water!

View fullsize Rhodactis bryoides
Rhodactis bryoides
View fullsize 17 June 2021 (41)_crop.jpg
View fullsize 19 June 2021 (24)_crop.jpg
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Featured
No seagrass, but plenty of turtles
September 13, 2026
No seagrass, but plenty of turtles
September 13, 2026

Norfolk Island does not have seagrass, although one of our most conspicuous green algae is often mistaken for it. Feather and grape Caulerpa can both form striking patches across the lagoon. I take a closer look at what Caulerpa actually is, why it is so easily confused with seagrass, and where our green turtles fit into the story.

Read more →
September 13, 2026
Watching El Niño from Norfolk Island
September 6, 2026
Watching El Niño from Norfolk Island
September 6, 2026

El Niño is strengthening across the Pacific, but that does not tell us exactly what the coming months will bring to Norfolk Island. After a long wet spell, I am watching our rainfall and water supplies more closely again – and, underwater, keeping an eye on sea temperature, algae, coral recruits and the fish that turn up on the reef.

Read more →
September 6, 2026
What the world’s reefs are telling Norfolk Island
September 2, 2026
What the world’s reefs are telling Norfolk Island
September 2, 2026

Two major new coral reef reports carry a clear message for Norfolk Island: reefs can recover when pressures ease, but the time available for recovery is shrinking. Norfolk Islanders were raising concerns about water quality, runoff and the health of Emily and Slaughter Bays nearly forty years ago. Today we have much better science, a changing climate and a far clearer understanding of how closely the catchment and reef are connected. This article looks at what that means for water quality, long-term monitoring, dredging and how we manage Kingston from land to sea.

Read more →
September 2, 2026
When the map changes
August 25, 2026
When the map changes
August 25, 2026

A fish once thought to belong only to Norfolk turns up elsewhere; another appears here hundreds of kilometres beyond its known range. Cardinalfishes and a Sabre squirrelfish show how our maps of species distributions are revised.

Read more →
August 25, 2026
Endemic, native, undescribed – what do these words actually mean?
August 24, 2026
Endemic, native, undescribed – what do these words actually mean?
August 24, 2026

A Norfolk chromis that turned out not to be Chromis fumea, a blenny found nowhere else, and a tiny goby that may not yet have a name. A look at what we mean by native, endemic, undescribed and newly described – and why scientific names sometimes change.

Read more →
August 24, 2026
What’s grazing in the green stuff?
August 16, 2026
What’s grazing in the green stuff?
August 16, 2026

A proliferation of Bryopsis on the reef has brought some beautiful little underwater grazers with it. I follow the trail from sap-sucking sea slugs and egg masses to a bigger question – why is there so much Bryopsis around at the moment?

Read more →
August 16, 2026
The clam beneath Emily Bay
August 8, 2026
The clam beneath Emily Bay
August 8, 2026

I’ve seen the beautiful shells of Laciolina chloroleuca in Emily Bay for decades, but I’d never really stopped to wonder where the living animals were. It turns out they may be buried half a metre beneath the sand. A closer look at an easily overlooked clam, its extraordinary shell markings, and the hidden life beneath our lagoon.

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August 8, 2026
Reflections of an accidental marine scientist
August 1, 2026
Reflections of an accidental marine scientist
August 1, 2026

What I thought would be a steady plod towards retirement, with plenty of time spent nursing grandchildren, was abruptly upended exactly six years ago today. This is the story of how an environmental catastrophe changed the course of my life – and led me to reinvent myself. It is a reflection on how, and why, I became an accidental marine scientist.

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August 1, 2026
From ridge to reef: unpicking the Waterway and Wetland Strategy
July 24, 2026
From ridge to reef: unpicking the Waterway and Wetland Strategy
July 24, 2026

Norfolk Island’s draft Waterway and Wetland Strategy will guide work for the next ten years. I support its intent, but it needs to be clear, practical and measurable – joining the dots from ridge to reef so we know whether public money is improving water quality and helping the reef.

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July 24, 2026
Reef reality in pictures
July 13, 2026
Reef reality in pictures
July 13, 2026

Let the pictures do the talking. This is the reality on Norfolk Island’s reef today, laid out in a two-minute video.

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