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Norfolk Island's Reef

Discover a fragile paradise – Norfolk Island's beaches, lagoons and coral reef
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  • Out on a swim - blog
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Out on A Swim

‘Out on a swim’ is a coral reef blog that tells the stories of the characters who live under the waves and what has caught my eye when ‘out on a swim’ in the lagoons of Norfolk Island. It is also a record of the difficulties Norfolk Island’s reef faces, like many others around the world, as a result of the poor water quality that has been allowed to flow onto it.

This page shows the most recent blog posts. For the complete catalogue, visit the ‘Out on a swim index’ page.

This blog is rated in the Top 20 Coral Reef Blogs in the world.

Cemetery Bay, Norfolk Island

Old friends return

June 22, 2021

This week in the Norfolk Island lagoons saw some old friends return and some new (to me) visitors that appeared in Emily Bay for the first time. I also paid a visit to the more exposed Cemetery Bay for the first time since wild winds and surf went through earlier this month and last month.

On 16 June, I came across two of our larger parrotfish species – the marbled parrotfish, Leptoscarus vaigiensis and the bluebarred parrotfish, Scarus ghobban – hanging out together just off the Salt House in Emily Bay. I’ve watched both of these individuals grow into adulthood. Having started out in the shallows of Emily Bay, the marbled parrotfish tends to prefer the outer areas of the reef, near to where a channel was previously blasted through the reef. The bluebarred parrotfish is more wide-ranging and less skittish, happy to let me watch as he feeds off the algae using his two fused front teeth. This feature is what differentiates parrotfish from their close relatives, the large wrasse, Labridae, family.

View fullsize Marbled parrotfish - Leptoscarus vaigiensis
Marbled parrotfish - Leptoscarus vaigiensis
View fullsize Bluebarred parrotfish - Scarus ghobban
Bluebarred parrotfish - Scarus ghobban

Other welcome visitors included our regular pair of snubnosed darts, Trachinotus blochii. These two love to placidly graze in the shallows at the Lone Pine end of Emily Bay, but I have also seen them in the sandy shallows at Slaughter Bay. One of them has a distinctive nip out of his tail, so I can tell it is the same pair.

The following day I saw a solo convict surgeonfish, Acanthurus triostegus, for the first time in the Emily Bay lagoon. I’ve only ever seen these in Cemetery Bay before, and usually in small schools of the same species.

View fullsize Snubnose dart - Trachinotus blochii
Snubnose dart - Trachinotus blochii
View fullsize Convict surgeonfish - Acanthurus triostegus
Convict surgeonfish - Acanthurus triostegus

I also found hiding in plain sight a rather weird looking coral, called Rhodactis bryoides. Once I’d seen one or two, then I saw a whole carpet of them. These were all on the reef immediately adjacent to the Salt House.

Finally, a brief word about Cemetery Bay. I ventured into the water there on Sunday for the first time in perhaps a couple of months. In the intervening time we’ve had those huge swells and surf I mentioned in my nature journal published on 8 June. At the far end, away from the cemetery, the beach has been scoured out, with rocks and sand dumped liberally up onto the grassed area above. In the lagoon it was unrecognisable, with drifts of sand filling the channels, and some smashed coral. Hopefully, over time, the sand will clear naturally. But for the moment it is quite a different scene below water!

View fullsize Rhodactis bryoides
Rhodactis bryoides
View fullsize 17 June 2021 (41)_crop.jpg
View fullsize 19 June 2021 (24)_crop.jpg
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Featured
Celebrating Biodiversity Month on Norfolk Island
Sep 7, 2025
Celebrating Biodiversity Month on Norfolk Island
Sep 7, 2025

September is Biodiversity Month – the perfect time to celebrate the astonishing variety of life on Norfolk Island’s reef. From new fish sightings to coral mosaics, every observation is a reminder of how much there is still to learn and protect.

Read more about why biodiversity matters, globally and right here in our lagoon.

Sep 7, 2025
The fate of a coral colony when it succumbs to white syndrome – four years on
Aug 24, 2025
The fate of a coral colony when it succumbs to white syndrome – four years on
Aug 24, 2025

I’ve tracked one plating Acropora coral from 2021 to 2025. In just a few weeks, white syndrome wiped it out. Nearly four years years on, it’s still smothered in algae and sea squirts, with only the tiniest hint of new growth. It’s a stark reminder: without tackling the root cause, we’re just watching the same sad story repeat itself.

Aug 24, 2025
The Candy-Striped Cleaner Keeping the Reef Healthy
Aug 17, 2025
The Candy-Striped Cleaner Keeping the Reef Healthy
Aug 17, 2025

Candy-cane stripes, long white feelers, and a reef spa on offer – the banded coral shrimp waves its antennae to advertise cleaning services to passing fish.

Aug 17, 2025
Biomimicry: How a Boxfish Caught Mercedes Benz’s Eye
Aug 10, 2025
Biomimicry: How a Boxfish Caught Mercedes Benz’s Eye
Aug 10, 2025

Meet Mr Lemonhead – our lagoon’s teeny yellow boxfish with a big design legacy. He inspired a Mercedes Benz concept car, proving how nature is full of surprises. And he shares the lagoon with other critters whose tricks have also shaped real-world inventions.

Aug 10, 2025
Patchwork Corals: How Colonies Fuse to Form Living Mosaics
Aug 3, 2025
Patchwork Corals: How Colonies Fuse to Form Living Mosaics
Aug 3, 2025

Some corals wear more than one colour for a reason. When Paragoniastrea australensis colonies fuse early in life, they form living mosaics. A beautiful reminder of coral cooperation on Norfolk Island’s reef.

Aug 3, 2025
Reef relief
Jul 28, 2025
Reef relief
Jul 28, 2025

Today, 28 July, is World Nature Conservation Day. After the dry 2024, Norfolk Island’s reef is looking healthier – a brief reprieve as less water - laden with nutrients - flowed into the lagoon. These photos show what’s possible. It’s a reminder that recovery is within reach – though renewed runoff could quickly undo the gains.

Jul 28, 2025
Emily Bay's big 'brain' coral
Jul 20, 2025
Emily Bay's big 'brain' coral
Jul 20, 2025

In Emily Bay, Norfolk Island, a single coral bommie – Paragoniastrea australensis – has stood for decades as a micro-reef, harbouring diverse marine life and local memories. Once photographed in 1988 and still thriving today, it remains a keystone of reef biodiversity and a living link between past and present.

Jul 20, 2025
Biodiversity matters
Jul 14, 2025
Biodiversity matters
Jul 14, 2025

Over five and a half years of snorkelling Norfolk’s lagoon, we’ve documented 23 fish species not previously recorded in this area. Some are local ghosts, others climate migrants. These observations help us understand and protect what makes our reef so special.

Jul 14, 2025
Poop power
Jun 17, 2025
Poop power
Jun 17, 2025

Not all poop on a reef is bad poop. In fact some kinds of poop can be a reef’s most important invisible engine. Fish poop, bird poop – even poop that gets eaten again by other fish – all of it keeps the ecosystem ticking over in a way that’s nothing short of extraordinary.

Jun 17, 2025
Glimpses of recovery: what the reef could be if we let it
Jun 13, 2025
Glimpses of recovery: what the reef could be if we let it
Jun 13, 2025

Day 6 of this photo series from Norfolk Island coincides with the final day of the UN Ocean Conference in Nice. After a week of documenting decline, today’s post offers a different view – what reef recovery can look like when conditions improve. Drought in 2024 gave the reef a break, and the results were unmistakable: healthier corals, lower disease, and more fish. This is what’s possible if we act.

Jun 13, 2025

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