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Norfolk Island's Reef

Discover a fragile paradise – Norfolk Island's beaches, lagoons and coral reef
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Out on A Swim

‘Out on a swim’ is a coral reef blog that tells the stories of the characters who live under the waves and what has caught my eye when ‘out on a swim’ in the lagoons of Norfolk Island. It is also a record of the difficulties Norfolk Island’s reef faces, like many others around the world, as a result of the poor water quality that has been allowed to flow onto it.

This page shows the most recent blog posts. For the complete catalogue, visit the ‘Out on a swim index’ page.

This blog is rated in the Top 20 Coral Reef Blogs in the world.

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Marbled parrotfish - Leptoscarus vaigiensis

Marbled parrotfish - Leptoscarus vaigiensis

Once a boy, always a boy – the marbled parrotfish

February 4, 2021

The marbled parrotfish (Leptoscarus vaigiensis) lives in sheltered bays, just like Emily Bay here on Norfolk Island. Unlike other parrotfish, once a boy, always a boy (or for that matter, girl). It never changes sex as it matures.

In this case, we know it’s a boy because it has a pale stripe and those tiny blue spots. As you can see from some of the photos, it likes to camouflage itself, disappearing into the seagrass and algae on which it feeds.

I first spotted this one on 20 December 2020, and since then I’ve seen it looking quite different at different times, so much so that I thought they were two different fish entirely. This morning, though, I was getting in his face to take some photos when he decided he’d had enough and departed, changing colour completely, becoming much paler and less mottled looking. You can see the change in the sequence of photos.

According to Whatsthatfish, at night they make a sleeping bag out of slime bubbles for protection against predators. That’s pretty cool!

The reason I wanted to get so close was that I was intrigued by his rosy mouth – inside and out (see right). To me he looked like an old man who is smiling while chewing betel (areca) nut!

Although widespread across the Indo-Pacific region, they are, according to Fishes of Australia, rare within that range. Apparently, they also move in small groups. I’ve only ever seen this guy on his own. Other names include slender parrotfish, petroleum parrotfish, seagrass parrotfish, or blue-spotted parrotfish.

I’ve not seen this fish recorded here on Norfolk Island before, which is a bit exciting!

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← A little mado with attitude!The sea-wolves of Emily Bay →
Featured
No seagrass, but plenty of turtles
September 13, 2026
No seagrass, but plenty of turtles
September 13, 2026

Norfolk Island does not have seagrass, although one of our most conspicuous green algae is often mistaken for it. Feather and grape Caulerpa can both form striking patches across the lagoon. I take a closer look at what Caulerpa actually is, why it is so easily confused with seagrass, and where our green turtles fit into the story.

Read more →
September 13, 2026
Watching El Niño from Norfolk Island
September 6, 2026
Watching El Niño from Norfolk Island
September 6, 2026

El Niño is strengthening across the Pacific, but that does not tell us exactly what the coming months will bring to Norfolk Island. After a long wet spell, I am watching our rainfall and water supplies more closely again – and, underwater, keeping an eye on sea temperature, algae, coral recruits and the fish that turn up on the reef.

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September 6, 2026
What the world’s reefs are telling Norfolk Island
September 2, 2026
What the world’s reefs are telling Norfolk Island
September 2, 2026

Two major new coral reef reports carry a clear message for Norfolk Island: reefs can recover when pressures ease, but the time available for recovery is shrinking. Norfolk Islanders were raising concerns about water quality, runoff and the health of Emily and Slaughter Bays nearly forty years ago. Today we have much better science, a changing climate and a far clearer understanding of how closely the catchment and reef are connected. This article looks at what that means for water quality, long-term monitoring, dredging and how we manage Kingston from land to sea.

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September 2, 2026
When the map changes
August 25, 2026
When the map changes
August 25, 2026

A fish once thought to belong only to Norfolk turns up elsewhere; another appears here hundreds of kilometres beyond its known range. Cardinalfishes and a Sabre squirrelfish show how our maps of species distributions are revised.

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August 25, 2026
Endemic, native, undescribed – what do these words actually mean?
August 24, 2026
Endemic, native, undescribed – what do these words actually mean?
August 24, 2026

A Norfolk chromis that turned out not to be Chromis fumea, a blenny found nowhere else, and a tiny goby that may not yet have a name. A look at what we mean by native, endemic, undescribed and newly described – and why scientific names sometimes change.

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August 24, 2026
What’s grazing in the green stuff?
August 16, 2026
What’s grazing in the green stuff?
August 16, 2026

A proliferation of Bryopsis on the reef has brought some beautiful little underwater grazers with it. I follow the trail from sap-sucking sea slugs and egg masses to a bigger question – why is there so much Bryopsis around at the moment?

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August 16, 2026
The clam beneath Emily Bay
August 8, 2026
The clam beneath Emily Bay
August 8, 2026

I’ve seen the beautiful shells of Laciolina chloroleuca in Emily Bay for decades, but I’d never really stopped to wonder where the living animals were. It turns out they may be buried half a metre beneath the sand. A closer look at an easily overlooked clam, its extraordinary shell markings, and the hidden life beneath our lagoon.

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August 8, 2026
Reflections of an accidental marine scientist
August 1, 2026
Reflections of an accidental marine scientist
August 1, 2026

What I thought would be a steady plod towards retirement, with plenty of time spent nursing grandchildren, was abruptly upended exactly six years ago today. This is the story of how an environmental catastrophe changed the course of my life – and led me to reinvent myself. It is a reflection on how, and why, I became an accidental marine scientist.

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August 1, 2026
From ridge to reef: unpicking the Waterway and Wetland Strategy
July 24, 2026
From ridge to reef: unpicking the Waterway and Wetland Strategy
July 24, 2026

Norfolk Island’s draft Waterway and Wetland Strategy will guide work for the next ten years. I support its intent, but it needs to be clear, practical and measurable – joining the dots from ridge to reef so we know whether public money is improving water quality and helping the reef.

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July 24, 2026
Reef reality in pictures
July 13, 2026
Reef reality in pictures
July 13, 2026

Let the pictures do the talking. This is the reality on Norfolk Island’s reef today, laid out in a two-minute video.

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July 13, 2026

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