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Norfolk Island's Reef

Discover a fragile paradise – Norfolk Island's beaches, lagoons and coral reef
  • Home
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    • Algae
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    • Everything Else
    • Eels
    • Kingston, Norfolk Island
    • Nudibranchs, Sea Slugs and Flatworms
    • Octopuses
    • Out On A Swim Index
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    • Sharks
    • Sea Anemones
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  • Out on a swim - blog
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Out on A Swim

‘Out on a swim’ is a coral reef blog that tells the stories of the characters who live under the waves and what has caught my eye when ‘out on a swim’ in the lagoons of Norfolk Island. It is also a record of the difficulties Norfolk Island’s reef faces, like many others around the world, as a result of the poor water quality that has been allowed to flow onto it.

This page shows the most recent blog posts. For the complete catalogue, visit the ‘Out on a swim index’ page.

This blog is rated in the Top 20 Coral Reef Blogs in the world.

Bubble-tip anemone

Turtles and snake eels

September 28, 2021

We’ve had yet another week of south easterlies stirring up the bays making visibility poor for taking photographs. That doesn’t mean I haven’t enjoyed my swims, though. Emily Bay never fails to lift my spirits.

A really exciting observation for me this week was the spotfin squirrelfish, Neoniphon samara. I can count on one hand the number of times I’ve seen this guy (and I am pretty sure it is the same one) in the last couple of years. That is because they are nocturnal (a clue to this is their huge eyes). This fish is very shy and ducks under an Acropora coral shelf very fast when it sees me, so you have to point and shoot really quickly – with varying results! It lives under these coral shelves during the day and then emerges out to the seagrass beds and hard-bottomed habitats at night, when it feeds on shrimps, small crabs and fish. (Reference Fishbase and Bray, D.J. 2020, Neoniphon sammara in Fishes of Australia, both accessed 28 Sep 2021.)

Spotfin squirrelfish - Neoniphon samara

I also observed several snake eels out and about this week: two convict eels, Leiuranus versicolor, and one banded snake eel, Leiuranus semicinctus. I have put three up here for you to see (two top images and bottom left). The markings, even in the same species, are quite different and change as they age. You can see more of these snake eels, as well as the varieties of moray eels, over on the eels page of this website. They are quite docile and are usually found in the sandy reaches of the bay – they can bury themselves in the sand as quick as a flash. We also find a spotted snake eel, called the ocellate snake eel, Myrichthys maculosus, in our bays from time to time. So you can see the difference, I’ve included an image of this one taken a few months ago (bottom right)..

Here’s some quick snake eel facts for you:

  • They are a fish, and not a snake (an eel is a type of fish).

  • They breathe underwater using gills (snakes have lungs).

  • They can live up to 20 years.

  • They are nocturnal animals, which is why it is always exciting to see one during the daytime.

  • They bury themselves in the sand to hide from predators.

View fullsize Banded snake eel - Leiuranus semicinctus
Banded snake eel - Leiuranus semicinctus
View fullsize Convict snake eel - Leiuranus versicolor
Convict snake eel - Leiuranus versicolor
View fullsize Convict snake eel - Leiuranus versicolor
Convict snake eel - Leiuranus versicolor
View fullsize Ocellate snake eel - Myrichthys maculosus
Ocellate snake eel - Myrichthys maculosus

We have two resident green sea turtles, Chelonia mydas, that seem to snooze quite a bit. When I see them both they are normally at least 5 m or 6 m apart, if not a lot further. Today, they were catnapping very close to each other.

Finally, tonight is my debut as an actor! I’ve been rehearsing really hard over some weeks for my 10-second cameo, playing myself as the person who photographed the mullet with a gold ring around its head! Hilarious! Paul Garnsey, an island resident, used the story as inspo for a short play called Goldfish. Wish me luck!

Until next week …

View fullsize Green sea turtles - Chelonia mydas
Green sea turtles - Chelonia mydas
View fullsize 28 Sep 2021 (71)_crop.jpg
View fullsize 28 Sep 2021 (73)_crop.jpg
Tags Green sea turtle, Snake eel, banded snake eel, Convict snake eel
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Featured
Celebrating Biodiversity Month on Norfolk Island
Sep 7, 2025
Celebrating Biodiversity Month on Norfolk Island
Sep 7, 2025

September is Biodiversity Month – the perfect time to celebrate the astonishing variety of life on Norfolk Island’s reef. From new fish sightings to coral mosaics, every observation is a reminder of how much there is still to learn and protect.

Read more about why biodiversity matters, globally and right here in our lagoon.

Sep 7, 2025
The fate of a coral colony when it succumbs to white syndrome – four years on
Aug 24, 2025
The fate of a coral colony when it succumbs to white syndrome – four years on
Aug 24, 2025

I’ve tracked one plating Acropora coral from 2021 to 2025. In just a few weeks, white syndrome wiped it out. Nearly four years years on, it’s still smothered in algae and sea squirts, with only the tiniest hint of new growth. It’s a stark reminder: without tackling the root cause, we’re just watching the same sad story repeat itself.

Aug 24, 2025
The Candy-Striped Cleaner Keeping the Reef Healthy
Aug 17, 2025
The Candy-Striped Cleaner Keeping the Reef Healthy
Aug 17, 2025

Candy-cane stripes, long white feelers, and a reef spa on offer – the banded coral shrimp waves its antennae to advertise cleaning services to passing fish.

Aug 17, 2025
Biomimicry: How a Boxfish Caught Mercedes Benz’s Eye
Aug 10, 2025
Biomimicry: How a Boxfish Caught Mercedes Benz’s Eye
Aug 10, 2025

Meet Mr Lemonhead – our lagoon’s teeny yellow boxfish with a big design legacy. He inspired a Mercedes Benz concept car, proving how nature is full of surprises. And he shares the lagoon with other critters whose tricks have also shaped real-world inventions.

Aug 10, 2025
Patchwork Corals: How Colonies Fuse to Form Living Mosaics
Aug 3, 2025
Patchwork Corals: How Colonies Fuse to Form Living Mosaics
Aug 3, 2025

Some corals wear more than one colour for a reason. When Paragoniastrea australensis colonies fuse early in life, they form living mosaics. A beautiful reminder of coral cooperation on Norfolk Island’s reef.

Aug 3, 2025
Reef relief
Jul 28, 2025
Reef relief
Jul 28, 2025

Today, 28 July, is World Nature Conservation Day. After the dry 2024, Norfolk Island’s reef is looking healthier – a brief reprieve as less water - laden with nutrients - flowed into the lagoon. These photos show what’s possible. It’s a reminder that recovery is within reach – though renewed runoff could quickly undo the gains.

Jul 28, 2025
Emily Bay's big 'brain' coral
Jul 20, 2025
Emily Bay's big 'brain' coral
Jul 20, 2025

In Emily Bay, Norfolk Island, a single coral bommie – Paragoniastrea australensis – has stood for decades as a micro-reef, harbouring diverse marine life and local memories. Once photographed in 1988 and still thriving today, it remains a keystone of reef biodiversity and a living link between past and present.

Jul 20, 2025
Biodiversity matters
Jul 14, 2025
Biodiversity matters
Jul 14, 2025

Over five and a half years of snorkelling Norfolk’s lagoon, we’ve documented 23 fish species not previously recorded in this area. Some are local ghosts, others climate migrants. These observations help us understand and protect what makes our reef so special.

Jul 14, 2025
Poop power
Jun 17, 2025
Poop power
Jun 17, 2025

Not all poop on a reef is bad poop. In fact some kinds of poop can be a reef’s most important invisible engine. Fish poop, bird poop – even poop that gets eaten again by other fish – all of it keeps the ecosystem ticking over in a way that’s nothing short of extraordinary.

Jun 17, 2025
Glimpses of recovery: what the reef could be if we let it
Jun 13, 2025
Glimpses of recovery: what the reef could be if we let it
Jun 13, 2025

Day 6 of this photo series from Norfolk Island coincides with the final day of the UN Ocean Conference in Nice. After a week of documenting decline, today’s post offers a different view – what reef recovery can look like when conditions improve. Drought in 2024 gave the reef a break, and the results were unmistakable: healthier corals, lower disease, and more fish. This is what’s possible if we act.

Jun 13, 2025

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