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Norfolk Island's Reef

Discover a fragile paradise – Norfolk Island's beaches, lagoons and coral reef
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    • Algae
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    • Eels
    • Everything Else
    • Kingston, Norfolk Island
    • Nudibranchs, Sea Slugs and Flatworms
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    • Out On A Swim Index
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    • Sharks
    • Sea Anemones
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  • Out on a swim - blog
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Out on A Swim

‘Out on a swim’ is a coral reef blog that tells the stories of the characters who live under the waves and what has caught my eye when ‘out on a swim’ in the lagoons of Norfolk Island. It is also a record of the difficulties Norfolk Island’s reef faces, like many others around the world, as a result of the poor water quality that has been allowed to flow onto it.

This page shows the most recent blog posts. For the complete catalogue, visit the ‘Out on a swim index’ page.

This blog is rated in the Top 20 Coral Reef Blogs in the world.

Bubble-tip anemone

Turtles and snake eels

September 28, 2021

We’ve had yet another week of south easterlies stirring up the bays making visibility poor for taking photographs. That doesn’t mean I haven’t enjoyed my swims, though. Emily Bay never fails to lift my spirits.

A really exciting observation for me this week was the spotfin squirrelfish, Neoniphon samara. I can count on one hand the number of times I’ve seen this guy (and I am pretty sure it is the same one) in the last couple of years. That is because they are nocturnal (a clue to this is their huge eyes). This fish is very shy and ducks under an Acropora coral shelf very fast when it sees me, so you have to point and shoot really quickly – with varying results! It lives under these coral shelves during the day and then emerges out to the seagrass beds and hard-bottomed habitats at night, when it feeds on shrimps, small crabs and fish. (Reference Fishbase and Bray, D.J. 2020, Neoniphon sammara in Fishes of Australia, both accessed 28 Sep 2021.)

Spotfin squirrelfish - Neoniphon samara

I also observed several snake eels out and about this week: two convict eels, Leiuranus versicolor, and one banded snake eel, Leiuranus semicinctus. I have put three up here for you to see (two top images and bottom left). The markings, even in the same species, are quite different and change as they age. You can see more of these snake eels, as well as the varieties of moray eels, over on the eels page of this website. They are quite docile and are usually found in the sandy reaches of the bay – they can bury themselves in the sand as quick as a flash. We also find a spotted snake eel, called the ocellate snake eel, Myrichthys maculosus, in our bays from time to time. So you can see the difference, I’ve included an image of this one taken a few months ago (bottom right)..

Here’s some quick snake eel facts for you:

  • They are a fish, and not a snake (an eel is a type of fish).

  • They breathe underwater using gills (snakes have lungs).

  • They can live up to 20 years.

  • They are nocturnal animals, which is why it is always exciting to see one during the daytime.

  • They bury themselves in the sand to hide from predators.

View fullsize Banded snake eel - Leiuranus semicinctus
Banded snake eel - Leiuranus semicinctus
View fullsize Convict snake eel - Leiuranus versicolor
Convict snake eel - Leiuranus versicolor
View fullsize Convict snake eel - Leiuranus versicolor
Convict snake eel - Leiuranus versicolor
View fullsize Ocellate snake eel - Myrichthys maculosus
Ocellate snake eel - Myrichthys maculosus

We have two resident green sea turtles, Chelonia mydas, that seem to snooze quite a bit. When I see them both they are normally at least 5 m or 6 m apart, if not a lot further. Today, they were catnapping very close to each other.

Finally, tonight is my debut as an actor! I’ve been rehearsing really hard over some weeks for my 10-second cameo, playing myself as the person who photographed the mullet with a gold ring around its head! Hilarious! Paul Garnsey, an island resident, used the story as inspo for a short play called Goldfish. Wish me luck!

Until next week …

View fullsize Green sea turtles - Chelonia mydas
Green sea turtles - Chelonia mydas
View fullsize 28 Sep 2021 (71)_crop.jpg
View fullsize 28 Sep 2021 (73)_crop.jpg
Tags Green sea turtle, Snake eel, banded snake eel, Convict snake eel
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This is a thank-you note. Five years after my first Out on a swim post – written with zero marine science quals and a head full of questions – I’m still in the water, now as a PhD candidate, because an extraordinary mix of locals, volunteers, researchers and public servants decided to share what they knew. This is the story of how nature – and a very patient community – became my teachers.

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Reef grief: what dredging has done to other reefs
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To dredge or not to dredge? The Kingston Pier channel project
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How much risk are we really taking with the planned dredging at Kingston Pier – and how much protection do our corals actually have on paper? This piece walks through what the federal approval does and doesn’t guarantee, explains why sediment and light matter so much to the reef, and asks the hard questions we need answered before we trade a deeper channel for a shallower future.

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A coral reef out of balance
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After the long dry spell, the lagoon was crystal clear and full of life. But with the return of the rains, something else has returned too – the brown, filamentous mats of Lyngbya. It’s not seaweed, it’s a cyanobacterium, and when it takes hold it smothers coral and rubble alike. The reef’s way of showing us that every drop of water, from tank to tide, is connected.

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Aglow among the spines
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Ever seen a sea urchin that seems to glow blue from the shadows? That’s Diadema savignyi showing off its reef shimmer. Beautiful, a little spiky, and definitely not to be messed with.

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The funky seventies sea slug – Halgerda willeyi
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The funky seventies sea slug – Halgerda willeyi
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If ever a sea slug was channeling the 1970s, it’s Halgerda willeyi. With its groovy orange lines and chocolate-brown bumps, it looks straight out of a vintage lounge suite – the kind with shag pile carpet and bold floral cushions. Proof that nature was nailing retro design long before humans caught on.

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Haddon's barometer
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Haddon's barometer
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This Haddon’s anemone has been quietly living in the middle of Norfolk Island’s Emily Bay for years, bleaching and recovering with the seasons. Like corals, sea anemones host microscopic algae that provide most of their food. When stressed by heat or rainfall changes, they lose colour – and tell a story about seasonal changes to the weather.

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Honoured to be featured
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Honoured to be featured
Sep 30, 2025

I left school in the UK nearly 50 years ago, so it was a pleasant surprise to be invited to share some images and take part in an interview for an article about my work, to be published in the annual glossy magazine the school now produces. Here is the end product.

Sep 30, 2025

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