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Norfolk Island's Reef

Discover a fragile paradise – Norfolk Island's beaches, lagoons and coral reef
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Out on A Swim

‘Out on a swim’ is a coral reef blog that tells the stories of the characters who live under the waves and what has caught my eye when ‘out on a swim’ in the lagoons of Norfolk Island. It is also a record of the difficulties Norfolk Island’s reef faces, like many others around the world, as a result of the poor water quality that has been allowed to flow onto it.

This page shows the most recent blog posts. For the complete catalogue, visit the ‘Out on a swim index’ page.

This blog is rated in the Top 20 Coral Reef Blogs in the world.

Full moon rising over our home on Norfolk Island, #DownArthurs

Full moon rising over our home on Norfolk Island, #DownArthurs

September full moon on Norfolk Island

September 21, 2021

More changeable weather this week with poor visibility in the bays curtailing some of my observations, but the full moon last night brought us some beautiful, settled weather, right on cue, which meant I was able to get out into Slaughter Bay for the first time in ages.

What greeted me wasn’t too pretty either. There is one area of coral I have been watching since the marine researchers from the Sydney Institute of Marine Science were here in March and alerted me to the onset of white syndrome, or white band disease. I have kept an eye on it since then and watched as the colony has gradually died. This week it was virtually unrecognisable, covered by a thick growth of algae. You can see the progression of the disease, below. Heartbreaking.

View fullsize 4 May 2021
4 May 2021
View fullsize 11 June 2021
11 June 2021
View fullsize 20 September 2021
20 September 2021

A sure sign that things are warming up in the water was the sighting of a couple of Lady Musgrave blennies, Cirripectes chelomatus, out and about for the first time in yonks. I have seen them over winter, but it has been incredibly fleeting as they dashed for cover. This week my regular guy was happy to sit and be photographed. No sign of the chestnut eyelash blennies, Cirripectes castaneus, yet, though.

From now on, I expect to see these cheeky guys more and more. They tend to sit up on a prominent piece of coral, flutter up and then dive quickly back down and hide. And they will start to change colour as the season progresses to a beautiful greeny yellow with their blue tails. The first two images are from today. The others are to show you what I expect them to look like very soon.

View fullsize  Lady Musgrave blenny - Cirripectes chelomatus 20.09.21
Lady Musgrave blenny - Cirripectes chelomatus 20.09.21
View fullsize 17 November 2020
17 November 2020
View fullsize 2 February 2021
2 February 2021

Another fun photograph was of (I think*) a redcap triplefin, Enneapterygius rufopileus. These guys are a master of disguise. Probably less than 1 cm in length, they can be really hard to spot. Blink and they’re gone. The other image is of (I think*) a Doug’s eviota, Eviota hoesei. Similar in size to the redcap triplefin, and looking like a diminutive jewel, he has a black spot near his tail.

View fullsize Redcap triplefin - Enneapterygius rufopileus
Redcap triplefin - Enneapterygius rufopileus
View fullsize Doug's eviota - Eviota hoesei
Doug's eviota - Eviota hoesei

To round off the week out on a swim, I thought I’d post one of my favourite butterflyfish, the vagabond butterflyfish, Chaetodon vagabundus. This is one of a pair that were happily flitting around in Slaughter Bay yesterday.

Vagabond butterflyfish - Chaetodon vagabundus

Vagabond butterflyfish - Chaetodon vagabundus

When I first started observing and photographing, I had no idea that there were so many variations on yellow, black and white among the butterflyfish. If you hop over to my reef fish page and scroll down to the Butterflyfish heading you will see what I mean.

*I've tried to get a definitive ID on these tiny critters on iNaturalist.org, but so far I've been unsuccessful.

Tags Coral disease, corals, coral reef, Lady Musgrave blenny
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Featured
Celebrating Biodiversity Month on Norfolk Island
Sep 7, 2025
Celebrating Biodiversity Month on Norfolk Island
Sep 7, 2025

September is Biodiversity Month – the perfect time to celebrate the astonishing variety of life on Norfolk Island’s reef. From new fish sightings to coral mosaics, every observation is a reminder of how much there is still to learn and protect.

Read more about why biodiversity matters, globally and right here in our lagoon.

Sep 7, 2025
The fate of a coral colony when it succumbs to white syndrome – four years on
Aug 24, 2025
The fate of a coral colony when it succumbs to white syndrome – four years on
Aug 24, 2025

I’ve tracked one plating Acropora coral from 2021 to 2025. In just a few weeks, white syndrome wiped it out. Nearly four years years on, it’s still smothered in algae and sea squirts, with only the tiniest hint of new growth. It’s a stark reminder: without tackling the root cause, we’re just watching the same sad story repeat itself.

Aug 24, 2025
The Candy-Striped Cleaner Keeping the Reef Healthy
Aug 17, 2025
The Candy-Striped Cleaner Keeping the Reef Healthy
Aug 17, 2025

Candy-cane stripes, long white feelers, and a reef spa on offer – the banded coral shrimp waves its antennae to advertise cleaning services to passing fish.

Aug 17, 2025
Biomimicry: How a Boxfish Caught Mercedes Benz’s Eye
Aug 10, 2025
Biomimicry: How a Boxfish Caught Mercedes Benz’s Eye
Aug 10, 2025

Meet Mr Lemonhead – our lagoon’s teeny yellow boxfish with a big design legacy. He inspired a Mercedes Benz concept car, proving how nature is full of surprises. And he shares the lagoon with other critters whose tricks have also shaped real-world inventions.

Aug 10, 2025
Patchwork Corals: How Colonies Fuse to Form Living Mosaics
Aug 3, 2025
Patchwork Corals: How Colonies Fuse to Form Living Mosaics
Aug 3, 2025

Some corals wear more than one colour for a reason. When Paragoniastrea australensis colonies fuse early in life, they form living mosaics. A beautiful reminder of coral cooperation on Norfolk Island’s reef.

Aug 3, 2025
Reef relief
Jul 28, 2025
Reef relief
Jul 28, 2025

Today, 28 July, is World Nature Conservation Day. After the dry 2024, Norfolk Island’s reef is looking healthier – a brief reprieve as less water - laden with nutrients - flowed into the lagoon. These photos show what’s possible. It’s a reminder that recovery is within reach – though renewed runoff could quickly undo the gains.

Jul 28, 2025
Emily Bay's big 'brain' coral
Jul 20, 2025
Emily Bay's big 'brain' coral
Jul 20, 2025

In Emily Bay, Norfolk Island, a single coral bommie – Paragoniastrea australensis – has stood for decades as a micro-reef, harbouring diverse marine life and local memories. Once photographed in 1988 and still thriving today, it remains a keystone of reef biodiversity and a living link between past and present.

Jul 20, 2025
Biodiversity matters
Jul 14, 2025
Biodiversity matters
Jul 14, 2025

Over five and a half years of snorkelling Norfolk’s lagoon, we’ve documented 23 fish species not previously recorded in this area. Some are local ghosts, others climate migrants. These observations help us understand and protect what makes our reef so special.

Jul 14, 2025
Poop power
Jun 17, 2025
Poop power
Jun 17, 2025

Not all poop on a reef is bad poop. In fact some kinds of poop can be a reef’s most important invisible engine. Fish poop, bird poop – even poop that gets eaten again by other fish – all of it keeps the ecosystem ticking over in a way that’s nothing short of extraordinary.

Jun 17, 2025
Glimpses of recovery: what the reef could be if we let it
Jun 13, 2025
Glimpses of recovery: what the reef could be if we let it
Jun 13, 2025

Day 6 of this photo series from Norfolk Island coincides with the final day of the UN Ocean Conference in Nice. After a week of documenting decline, today’s post offers a different view – what reef recovery can look like when conditions improve. Drought in 2024 gave the reef a break, and the results were unmistakable: healthier corals, lower disease, and more fish. This is what’s possible if we act.

Jun 13, 2025

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