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Norfolk Island's Reef

Discover a fragile paradise – Norfolk Island's beaches, lagoons and coral reef
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    • Kingston, Norfolk Island
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Out on A Swim

‘Out on a swim’ is a coral reef blog that tells the stories of the characters who live under the waves and what has caught my eye when ‘out on a swim’ in the lagoons of Norfolk Island. It is also a record of the difficulties Norfolk Island’s reef faces, like many others around the world, as a result of the poor water quality that has been allowed to flow onto it.

This page shows the most recent blog posts. For the complete catalogue, visit the ‘Out on a swim index’ page.

This blog is rated in the Top 20 Coral Reef Blogs in the world.

Elegant wrasse - Anampses elegans (terminal phase, male)

Snip the (plastic) rings!

May 25, 2021

Elegant wrasse - Anampses elegans (female)

On 22 April, for the first time, I saw a terminal phase elegant wrasse, Anampses elegans, inside the lagoon at the entrance to Emily Bay. Since then, I’ve noticed that the large, voracious schools of elegant wrasse, which swoop down to feed like a plague of locusts, have been breaking up into much smaller groups, with many of the larger female elegant wrasse now swimming on their own or in pairs.

This week, I’ve been able to add three new parrotfish species to the Reef Fish page of this website: Pacific Bullethead Parrotfish - Chlorurus spilurus; Palenose parrotfish - Scarus psittacus; Surf parrotfish - Scarus rivulatus. These are all species that I have only now seen for the first time.

A couple of weeks ago I photographed a sand mullet, Myxus elongatus, wearing a gold ring collar. The story travelled around the world. It is a shame there isn’t more fuss when these rings are plastic. Snip the rings!

Sand mullet with a gold wedding ring

Sand mullet with a gold wedding ring

Over the last couple of weeks, both in Slaughter and Emily Bays, I’ve noticed the black butterflyfish, Chaetodon flavirostris, congregating in groups of as many as six. Normally, these guys move around in pairs. Likewise, I’ve seen large groups of threadfin butterflyfish - Chaetodon auriga, as many as 12 together.

After heavy rain on 15 May, there was a dense algal bloom over the reef closest to the Salt House.

View fullsize Threadfin butterflyfish - Chaetodon auriga
Threadfin butterflyfish - Chaetodon auriga
View fullsize Black butterflyfish - Chaetodon flavirostris
Black butterflyfish - Chaetodon flavirostris
View fullsize Algal blooms in Emily Bay, 15 May 2021
Algal blooms in Emily Bay, 15 May 2021
View fullsize 15 May 2021 (8)_email.JPG
← Enormous surf, squally winds and poor viz! When plastic (and gold wedding) rings escape into the wild →
Featured
Herbicides, heritage, and an inshore reef: what happens when land management meets lagoon health
Dec 15, 2025
Herbicides, heritage, and an inshore reef: what happens when land management meets lagoon health
Dec 15, 2025

Herbicide use near Emily, Slaughter and Cemetery Bays raises questions about inshore reef health, heritage land management, and environmental protection on Norfolk Island.

Dec 15, 2025
Signs of bleaching – 8 December 2025
Dec 8, 2025
Signs of bleaching – 8 December 2025
Dec 8, 2025

I took these photographs this morning, Monday, 8 December 2025. A few warm days of settled weather, little cloud cover and low tides in the hottest part of the day have led to some early bleaching on our reef. Bleaching doesn’t always mean death for our corals, but it is concerning to have this so early in the summer season. Fingers crossed the conditions don’t last and the reef can recover.

Dec 8, 2025
Nature is my teacher
Dec 3, 2025
Nature is my teacher
Dec 3, 2025

This is a thank-you note. Five years after my first Out on a swim post – written with zero marine science quals and a head full of questions – I’m still in the water, now as a PhD candidate, because an extraordinary mix of locals, volunteers, researchers and public servants decided to share what they knew. This is the story of how nature – and a very patient community – became my teachers.

Dec 3, 2025
Reef grief: what dredging has done to other reefs
Nov 30, 2025
Reef grief: what dredging has done to other reefs
Nov 30, 2025

From Miami to Fiji, from Dubai to tiny village harbours on atolls, dredging near coral reefs has left a long trail of scars – even on ‘small’ projects. This follow-up to last week’s Kingston post walks through real examples of what happened elsewhere, and what that should make us think about before we dig up our own reef.

Nov 30, 2025
To dredge or not to dredge? The Kingston Pier channel project
Nov 20, 2025
To dredge or not to dredge? The Kingston Pier channel project
Nov 20, 2025

How much risk are we really taking with the planned dredging at Kingston Pier – and how much protection do our corals actually have on paper? This piece walks through what the federal approval does and doesn’t guarantee, explains why sediment and light matter so much to the reef, and asks the hard questions we need answered before we trade a deeper channel for a shallower future.

Nov 20, 2025
A coral reef out of balance
Nov 8, 2025
A coral reef out of balance
Nov 8, 2025

After the long dry spell, the lagoon was crystal clear and full of life. But with the return of the rains, something else has returned too – the brown, filamentous mats of Lyngbya. It’s not seaweed, it’s a cyanobacterium, and when it takes hold it smothers coral and rubble alike. The reef’s way of showing us that every drop of water, from tank to tide, is connected.

Nov 8, 2025
Aglow among the spines
Oct 25, 2025
Aglow among the spines
Oct 25, 2025

Ever seen a sea urchin that seems to glow blue from the shadows? That’s Diadema savignyi showing off its reef shimmer. Beautiful, a little spiky, and definitely not to be messed with.

Oct 25, 2025
The funky seventies sea slug – Halgerda willeyi
Oct 15, 2025
The funky seventies sea slug – Halgerda willeyi
Oct 15, 2025

If ever a sea slug was channeling the 1970s, it’s Halgerda willeyi. With its groovy orange lines and chocolate-brown bumps, it looks straight out of a vintage lounge suite – the kind with shag pile carpet and bold floral cushions. Proof that nature was nailing retro design long before humans caught on.

Oct 15, 2025
Haddon's barometer
Oct 5, 2025
Haddon's barometer
Oct 5, 2025

This Haddon’s anemone has been quietly living in the middle of Norfolk Island’s Emily Bay for years, bleaching and recovering with the seasons. Like corals, sea anemones host microscopic algae that provide most of their food. When stressed by heat or rainfall changes, they lose colour – and tell a story about seasonal changes to the weather.

Oct 5, 2025
Honoured to be featured
Sep 30, 2025
Honoured to be featured
Sep 30, 2025

I left school in the UK nearly 50 years ago, so it was a pleasant surprise to be invited to share some images and take part in an interview for an article about my work, to be published in the annual glossy magazine the school now produces. Here is the end product.

Sep 30, 2025

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