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Norfolk Island's Reef

Discover a fragile paradise – Norfolk Island's beaches, lagoons and coral reef
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Out on A Swim

‘Out on a swim’ is a coral reef blog that tells the stories of the characters who live under the waves and what has caught my eye when ‘out on a swim’ in the lagoons of Norfolk Island. It is also a record of the difficulties Norfolk Island’s reef faces, like many others around the world, as a result of the poor water quality that has been allowed to flow onto it.

This page shows the most recent blog posts. For the complete catalogue, visit the ‘Out on a swim index’ page.

This blog is rated in the Top 20 Coral Reef Blogs in the world.

A peacock damselfish – Pomacentrus pavo

The curious case of the peacock damselfish

March 7, 2023

Day 7 – March focus on Norfolk Island’s reef

Juvenile peacock damselfish, Pomacentrus pavo, February 2021

Today in my March focus on the coral reef of Norfolk Island I am featuring a fish called the peacock damselfish – Pomacentrus pavo. They are a delicate little fish, a gorgeous neon blue with a pale lemon-tipped tail, which only grow to 8.5 or 9 cm. It can be distinguished from similar fish (such as the neon damsel) by the tiny dark ‘ear’ spot near its gill cover.

I’m rather curious about this guy’s life cycle. Our inshore reef – from Emily Bay to Slaughter Bay – is small, so it’s relatively easy to get to know what is in there. Often you can count the fish of a particular species on one hand, and the peacock damselfish is a perfect example of this.

Because I have been only looking at three individuals, it is interesting to notice how their colours change throughout the year (see the images below). Or maybe it is a trick of the light. Certainly, they seem to lighten up from October through to February.

For ages we had just one that I would see regularly hugging a large bommie in Emily, often on the shady side. I never saw any others of his kind, until one day I saw five babies near a small inshore rock, quite some distance from the original bommie. So clearly there must have been a few others around. That was in February 2021. These babies seemed to disperse across the Emily Bay and channel area that runs between the two bays. At first, I could find four of them, then one disappeared and we were left with just three. For the next 18 months or so I would stop by and observe these three individuals, all living quite distant from each other in a solo existence on their respective coral bommies.

I usually find them midway up the side of a reef wall, although when the coral spawns they get a little more daring and will swim happily around just above the reef, presumably snacking on the coral spawn like the other damsel species.

The curious thing is, that almost overnight at the very end of December, all three of these fish disappeared. Did a message get passed across the water column for them to meet up for breeding? And if so, how? Will they come back? Will there be more babies? I always seem to have so many questions and so few answers!

This year, juvenile fish for any of the species in our bays have been hard to find and I have no idea why. Maybe they are later this year? Maybe the influx of freshwater has driven them out beyond the confines of the lagoons. Our last baby peacock damselfishes appeared in mid-February (2021), so I confess that I had expected to see some by now. I’ll keep looking!

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View fullsize 28 Oct 2021 (12)_crop.jpg
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View fullsize 26 Dec 2022 (227)_crop.jpg
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In Fish species Tags Peacock damselfish, Fish behaviour, Fish, fish species
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Featured
Haddon's barometer
Oct 5, 2025
Haddon's barometer
Oct 5, 2025

This Haddon’s anemone has been quietly living in the middle of Norfolk Island’s Emily Bay for years, bleaching and recovering with the seasons. Like corals, sea anemones host microscopic algae that provide most of their food. When stressed by heat or rainfall changes, they lose colour – and tell a story about seasonal changes to the weather.

Oct 5, 2025
Honoured to be featured
Sep 30, 2025
Honoured to be featured
Sep 30, 2025

I left school in the UK nearly 50 years ago, so it was a pleasant surprise to be invited to share some images and take part in an interview for an article about my work, to be published in the annual glossy magazine the school now produces. Here is the end product.

Sep 30, 2025
Celebrating Biodiversity Month on Norfolk Island
Sep 7, 2025
Celebrating Biodiversity Month on Norfolk Island
Sep 7, 2025

September is Biodiversity Month – the perfect time to celebrate the astonishing variety of life on Norfolk Island’s reef. From new fish sightings to coral mosaics, every observation is a reminder of how much there is still to learn and protect.

Read more about why biodiversity matters, globally and right here in our lagoon.

Sep 7, 2025
The fate of a coral colony when it succumbs to white syndrome – four years on
Aug 24, 2025
The fate of a coral colony when it succumbs to white syndrome – four years on
Aug 24, 2025

I’ve tracked one plating Acropora coral from 2021 to 2025. In just a few weeks, white syndrome wiped it out. Nearly four years years on, it’s still smothered in algae and sea squirts, with only the tiniest hint of new growth. It’s a stark reminder: without tackling the root cause, we’re just watching the same sad story repeat itself.

Aug 24, 2025
The Candy-Striped Cleaner Keeping the Reef Healthy
Aug 17, 2025
The Candy-Striped Cleaner Keeping the Reef Healthy
Aug 17, 2025

Candy-cane stripes, long white feelers, and a reef spa on offer – the banded coral shrimp waves its antennae to advertise cleaning services to passing fish.

Aug 17, 2025
Biomimicry: How a Boxfish Caught Mercedes Benz’s Eye
Aug 10, 2025
Biomimicry: How a Boxfish Caught Mercedes Benz’s Eye
Aug 10, 2025

Meet Mr Lemonhead – our lagoon’s teeny yellow boxfish with a big design legacy. He inspired a Mercedes Benz concept car, proving how nature is full of surprises. And he shares the lagoon with other critters whose tricks have also shaped real-world inventions.

Aug 10, 2025
Patchwork Corals: How Colonies Fuse to Form Living Mosaics
Aug 3, 2025
Patchwork Corals: How Colonies Fuse to Form Living Mosaics
Aug 3, 2025

Some corals wear more than one colour for a reason. When Paragoniastrea australensis colonies fuse early in life, they form living mosaics. A beautiful reminder of coral cooperation on Norfolk Island’s reef.

Aug 3, 2025
Reef relief
Jul 28, 2025
Reef relief
Jul 28, 2025

Today, 28 July, is World Nature Conservation Day. After the dry 2024, Norfolk Island’s reef is looking healthier – a brief reprieve as less water - laden with nutrients - flowed into the lagoon. These photos show what’s possible. It’s a reminder that recovery is within reach – though renewed runoff could quickly undo the gains.

Jul 28, 2025
Emily Bay's big 'brain' coral
Jul 20, 2025
Emily Bay's big 'brain' coral
Jul 20, 2025

In Emily Bay, Norfolk Island, a single coral bommie – Paragoniastrea australensis – has stood for decades as a micro-reef, harbouring diverse marine life and local memories. Once photographed in 1988 and still thriving today, it remains a keystone of reef biodiversity and a living link between past and present.

Jul 20, 2025
Biodiversity matters
Jul 14, 2025
Biodiversity matters
Jul 14, 2025

Over five and a half years of snorkelling Norfolk’s lagoon, we’ve documented 23 fish species not previously recorded in this area. Some are local ghosts, others climate migrants. These observations help us understand and protect what makes our reef so special.

Jul 14, 2025

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