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Norfolk Island's Reef

Discover a fragile paradise – Norfolk Island's beaches, lagoons and coral reef
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Out on A Swim

‘Out on a swim’ is a coral reef blog that tells the stories of the characters who live under the waves and what has caught my eye when ‘out on a swim’ in the lagoons of Norfolk Island. It is also a record of the difficulties Norfolk Island’s reef faces, like many others around the world, as a result of the poor water quality that has been allowed to flow onto it.

This page shows the most recent blog posts. For the complete catalogue, visit the ‘Out on a swim index’ page.

This blog is rated in the Top 20 Coral Reef Blogs in the world.

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A school of sand mullet, Myxus elongatus

Report released into the health of Norfolk Island's reef

September 7, 2021

The first week of spring is already done and dusted. Amazing!

The most momentous event for me this week was the final release of the report by the Sydney Institute of Marine Science, commissioned by Australian Marine Parks, into the health of the reef here on Norfolk Island. The report’s findings were confronting, but I confess to not being surprised. However, on the upside we now have scientific evidence to back my hunch that all is not well on the reef. Which means we can no longer ignore the issue and sweep it under a carpet of ignorance and indifference. We need to fix the causes of the problem before the reef’s health suffers further.

My main motivating factor for starting this website was my alarm at what I saw when I returned to live here just more than three years ago. Coral reefs, globally, are facing a tough gig right now, and we have to do everything we can to make sure they survive. You can read my full take on the state of the reef on an earlier blog post, ‘The State of Play on Norfolk Island’s Reef’. If you are interested in reading what the experts say, you can find the links to two reports at the bottom of that article.

On a happier note, let’s segue to my observations while out on a swim this week.

Swimming in the bays can be incredibly deceptive. Very windy weather puts many people off going for a swim, but beneath the waves there has been some great visibility. That is because the prevailing winds were coming from the north and east, and Emily Bay is largely sheltered from that – under the water, anyway!

Observations this week included swimming into a mullet school just off the Salt House (top photo). As I quietly looked on, they proceeded to swim slowly around me like a giant wheel – quite an experience.

View fullsize Green moon wrasse - Thalassoma lutescens
Green moon wrasse - Thalassoma lutescens
View fullsize Green moon wrasse - Thalassoma lutescens
Green moon wrasse - Thalassoma lutescens

Dwarf sea hare next to my finger

The green moon wrasse (images above) were very active and inquisitive this week. One, in particular, followed me for a good half an hour as I made my way around the reef off the Salt House. Most wrasses use their pectoral fins for locomotion, oscillating them a bit like wings. It is called labriform locomotion. I managed to capture this colourful wrasse mid-flight (left image)!

I also noticed dozens and dozens of dwarf sea hares (Aplysia concava) out and about, quietly munching away on algae. Initially they are quite difficult to see, but once you’ve seen one everywhere you look you’ll see them hiding in plain sight. To give you an idea of how tiny they are, I have included an image with my index finger (right).

This week I put together a composite image of just some of the corals I have photographed over the last 18 months (since I got my little camera).

Often people remark to me how brown and boring the corals are here. ‘Yeh, right! I reply!

We are one of the world’s most southerly reefs, so, yes, we don’t have the bright eye-popping colours of those found on the Great Barrier Reef, but when you look closely, I think you will agree that they are certainly not all brown! You can see many more close-ups of corals over on my corals page on this website.

Tags sea hares, green moon wrasse, sand mullet, school of fish, Emily Bay, water quality, pollution, Sydney Institute of Marine Science
← Jockeying for space on the reefBanded, convict and spotted snake eels - know the difference →
Featured
No seagrass, but plenty of turtles
September 13, 2026
No seagrass, but plenty of turtles
September 13, 2026

Norfolk Island does not have seagrass, although one of our most conspicuous green algae is often mistaken for it. Feather and grape Caulerpa can both form striking patches across the lagoon. I take a closer look at what Caulerpa actually is, why it is so easily confused with seagrass, and where our green turtles fit into the story.

Read more →
September 13, 2026
Watching El Niño from Norfolk Island
September 6, 2026
Watching El Niño from Norfolk Island
September 6, 2026

El Niño is strengthening across the Pacific, but that does not tell us exactly what the coming months will bring to Norfolk Island. After a long wet spell, I am watching our rainfall and water supplies more closely again – and, underwater, keeping an eye on sea temperature, algae, coral recruits and the fish that turn up on the reef.

Read more →
September 6, 2026
What the world’s reefs are telling Norfolk Island
September 2, 2026
What the world’s reefs are telling Norfolk Island
September 2, 2026

Two major new coral reef reports carry a clear message for Norfolk Island: reefs can recover when pressures ease, but the time available for recovery is shrinking. Norfolk Islanders were raising concerns about water quality, runoff and the health of Emily and Slaughter Bays nearly forty years ago. Today we have much better science, a changing climate and a far clearer understanding of how closely the catchment and reef are connected. This article looks at what that means for water quality, long-term monitoring, dredging and how we manage Kingston from land to sea.

Read more →
September 2, 2026
When the map changes
August 25, 2026
When the map changes
August 25, 2026

A fish once thought to belong only to Norfolk turns up elsewhere; another appears here hundreds of kilometres beyond its known range. Cardinalfishes and a Sabre squirrelfish show how our maps of species distributions are revised.

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August 25, 2026
Endemic, native, undescribed – what do these words actually mean?
August 24, 2026
Endemic, native, undescribed – what do these words actually mean?
August 24, 2026

A Norfolk chromis that turned out not to be Chromis fumea, a blenny found nowhere else, and a tiny goby that may not yet have a name. A look at what we mean by native, endemic, undescribed and newly described – and why scientific names sometimes change.

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August 24, 2026
What’s grazing in the green stuff?
August 16, 2026
What’s grazing in the green stuff?
August 16, 2026

A proliferation of Bryopsis on the reef has brought some beautiful little underwater grazers with it. I follow the trail from sap-sucking sea slugs and egg masses to a bigger question – why is there so much Bryopsis around at the moment?

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August 16, 2026
The clam beneath Emily Bay
August 8, 2026
The clam beneath Emily Bay
August 8, 2026

I’ve seen the beautiful shells of Laciolina chloroleuca in Emily Bay for decades, but I’d never really stopped to wonder where the living animals were. It turns out they may be buried half a metre beneath the sand. A closer look at an easily overlooked clam, its extraordinary shell markings, and the hidden life beneath our lagoon.

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August 8, 2026
Reflections of an accidental marine scientist
August 1, 2026
Reflections of an accidental marine scientist
August 1, 2026

What I thought would be a steady plod towards retirement, with plenty of time spent nursing grandchildren, was abruptly upended exactly six years ago today. This is the story of how an environmental catastrophe changed the course of my life – and led me to reinvent myself. It is a reflection on how, and why, I became an accidental marine scientist.

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August 1, 2026
From ridge to reef: unpicking the Waterway and Wetland Strategy
July 24, 2026
From ridge to reef: unpicking the Waterway and Wetland Strategy
July 24, 2026

Norfolk Island’s draft Waterway and Wetland Strategy will guide work for the next ten years. I support its intent, but it needs to be clear, practical and measurable – joining the dots from ridge to reef so we know whether public money is improving water quality and helping the reef.

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July 24, 2026
Reef reality in pictures
July 13, 2026
Reef reality in pictures
July 13, 2026

Let the pictures do the talking. This is the reality on Norfolk Island’s reef today, laid out in a two-minute video.

Read more →
July 13, 2026

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