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Norfolk Island's Reef

Discover a fragile paradise – Norfolk Island's beaches, lagoons and coral reef
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Out on A Swim

‘Out on a swim’ is a coral reef blog that tells the stories of the characters who live under the waves and what has caught my eye when ‘out on a swim’ in the lagoons of Norfolk Island. It is also a record of the difficulties Norfolk Island’s reef faces, like many others around the world, as a result of the poor water quality that has been allowed to flow onto it.

This page shows the most recent blog posts. For the complete catalogue, visit the ‘Out on a swim index’ page.

This blog is rated in the Top 20 Coral Reef Blogs in the world.

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A school of sand mullet, Myxus elongatus

Report released into the health of Norfolk Island's reef

September 7, 2021

The first week of spring is already done and dusted. Amazing!

The most momentous event for me this week was the final release of the report by the Sydney Institute of Marine Science, commissioned by Australian Marine Parks, into the health of the reef here on Norfolk Island. The report’s findings were confronting, but I confess to not being surprised. However, on the upside we now have scientific evidence to back my hunch that all is not well on the reef. Which means we can no longer ignore the issue and sweep it under a carpet of ignorance and indifference. We need to fix the causes of the problem before the reef’s health suffers further.

My main motivating factor for starting this website was my alarm at what I saw when I returned to live here just more than three years ago. Coral reefs, globally, are facing a tough gig right now, and we have to do everything we can to make sure they survive. You can read my full take on the state of the reef on an earlier blog post, ‘The State of Play on Norfolk Island’s Reef’. If you are interested in reading what the experts say, you can find the links to two reports at the bottom of that article.

On a happier note, let’s segue to my observations while out on a swim this week.

Swimming in the bays can be incredibly deceptive. Very windy weather puts many people off going for a swim, but beneath the waves there has been some great visibility. That is because the prevailing winds were coming from the north and east, and Emily Bay is largely sheltered from that – under the water, anyway!

Observations this week included swimming into a mullet school just off the Salt House (top photo). As I quietly looked on, they proceeded to swim slowly around me like a giant wheel – quite an experience.

View fullsize Green moon wrasse - Thalassoma lutescens
Green moon wrasse - Thalassoma lutescens
View fullsize Green moon wrasse - Thalassoma lutescens
Green moon wrasse - Thalassoma lutescens

Dwarf sea hare next to my finger

The green moon wrasse (images above) were very active and inquisitive this week. One, in particular, followed me for a good half an hour as I made my way around the reef off the Salt House. Most wrasses use their pectoral fins for locomotion, oscillating them a bit like wings. It is called labriform locomotion. I managed to capture this colourful wrasse mid-flight (left image)!

I also noticed dozens and dozens of dwarf sea hares (Aplysia concava) out and about, quietly munching away on algae. Initially they are quite difficult to see, but once you’ve seen one everywhere you look you’ll see them hiding in plain sight. To give you an idea of how tiny they are, I have included an image with my index finger (right).

This week I put together a composite image of just some of the corals I have photographed over the last 18 months (since I got my little camera).

Often people remark to me how brown and boring the corals are here. ‘Yeh, right! I reply!

We are one of the world’s most southerly reefs, so, yes, we don’t have the bright eye-popping colours of those found on the Great Barrier Reef, but when you look closely, I think you will agree that they are certainly not all brown! You can see many more close-ups of corals over on my corals page on this website.

Tags sea hares, green moon wrasse, sand mullet, school of fish, Emily Bay, water quality, pollution, Sydney Institute of Marine Science
← Jockeying for space on the reefBanded, convict and spotted snake eels - know the difference →
Featured
When storms rearrange the reef
October 28, 2026
When storms rearrange the reef
October 28, 2026

Sometimes the sea rearranges a reef in a matter of hours! In the third article of my six-part photographic series, I revisit corals broken, overturned or swept away by powerful swells and storm surges. Some disappeared altogether, while others found surprising ways to survive. Five photographic sequences reveal just how dramatically Norfolk Island's reef can change.

Read more →
October 28, 2026
When the reef fights back – coral growth and recovery
October 26, 2026
When the reef fights back – coral growth and recovery
October 26, 2026

Not every coral story ends badly! Among six years of underwater photographs are some wonderful examples of growth, survival and recovery. From corals that have grown spectacularly to others that have survived bleaching, breakage or even being turned upside down, this second article in my photographic series celebrates some of the reef's more encouraging stories.

Read more →
October 26, 2026
The neighbours – six years of watching the same reef
October 24, 2026
The neighbours – six years of watching the same reef
October 24, 2026

When I began photographing Norfolk Island's reef in 2020, I simply recorded whatever caught my eye. Six years later, those photographs have become a record of individual corals and their changing fortunes – growth, competition, survival and loss. This is the first of six articles looking back at what I've seen, and sometimes what I wish I hadn't.

Read more →
October 24, 2026
Pulling the rugosity from out of the reef
October 10, 2026
Pulling the rugosity from out of the reef
October 10, 2026

What do ‘rugosity’, structural complexity and channeling your inner fish have in common? Quite a lot, as it turns out. This week I’m looking at how all the lumps, bumps, branches, holes and ledges on a reef create habitat – with a brief detour into one of my long-standing tricks for navigating tertiary study: write down the jargon until it starts to make sense.

Read more →
October 10, 2026
How does a sea slug smell?
September 27, 2026
How does a sea slug smell?
September 27, 2026

It started with a close-up of a little Elysia and two rhinophores that looked like tiny rolled-up scrolls. Once I noticed them, I started going back through years of sea-slug photos and realised just how wildly different these sensory organs can be – ridged, rolled, curled, tubular and, in sea hares, distinctly rabbit-eared. So this week’s rabbit hole is all about how sea slugs ‘smell’ underwater, and why their noses come in so many different shapes.

Read more →
September 27, 2026
The Elite Fleet sails in
September 19, 2026
The Elite Fleet sails in
September 19, 2026

Nearly six years ago, my very first blog post was about the strange blue and violet creatures that live at the ocean’s surface – a group I christened Norfolk Island’s ‘Elite Fleet’. Since then I’ve seen plenty of bluebottles and the occasional violet sea snail, but never a by-the-wind sailor. Until this morning. Velella velella is not a true jellyfish, but a colonial hydrozoan with a transparent sail that lets the wind help carry it across the ocean. So what exactly is this extraordinary little creature, how does it ‘sail’, and what connects it to the rest of the fleet?

Read more →
September 19, 2026
In a nutshell – where I stand on the proposed Norfolk Island Marine Park
September 18, 2026
In a nutshell – where I stand on the proposed Norfolk Island Marine Park
September 18, 2026

I support the proposed expansion of Norfolk Marine Park and its renaming as Norfolk Island Marine Park. There is much to welcome – strong offshore protection, no mining, and recognition of the importance of sustainable local fishing. But I also have some reservations. Why does Cascade need to be removed from the Marine Park at all? How will more than 430,000 km² actually be monitored and enforced? How do we make sure Norfolk people have a genuine role in management? And, above all, how do we ensure that the enormous new park does not draw attention away from the small, stressed reef immediately beside us?

Read more →
September 18, 2026
No seagrass, but plenty of turtles
September 13, 2026
No seagrass, but plenty of turtles
September 13, 2026

Norfolk Island does not have seagrass, although one of our most conspicuous green algae is often mistaken for it. Feather and grape Caulerpa can both form striking patches across the lagoon. I take a closer look at what Caulerpa actually is, why it is so easily confused with seagrass, and where our green turtles fit into the story.

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September 13, 2026
Watching El Niño from Norfolk Island
September 6, 2026
Watching El Niño from Norfolk Island
September 6, 2026

El Niño is strengthening across the Pacific, but that does not tell us exactly what the coming months will bring to Norfolk Island. After a long wet spell, I am watching our rainfall and water supplies more closely again – and, underwater, keeping an eye on sea temperature, algae, coral recruits and the fish that turn up on the reef.

Read more →
September 6, 2026
What the world’s reefs are telling Norfolk Island
September 2, 2026
What the world’s reefs are telling Norfolk Island
September 2, 2026

Two major new coral reef reports carry a clear message for Norfolk Island: reefs can recover when pressures ease, but the time available for recovery is shrinking. Norfolk Islanders were raising concerns about water quality, runoff and the health of Emily and Slaughter Bays nearly forty years ago. Today we have much better science, a changing climate and a far clearer understanding of how closely the catchment and reef are connected. This article looks at what that means for water quality, long-term monitoring, dredging and how we manage Kingston from land to sea.

Read more →
September 2, 2026

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