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Norfolk Island's Reef

Discover a fragile paradise – Norfolk Island's beaches, lagoons and coral reef
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    • Kingston, Norfolk Island
    • Underwater
    • Reef Fish
    • Sharks
    • Eels
    • Corals
    • Sea Anemones
    • Nudibranchs, Sea Slugs and Flatworms
    • Octopuses
    • Sea Urchins and Sea Cucumbers
    • Sea Stars
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  • Out on a swim - blog
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Out on A Swim

‘Out on a swim’ is a coral reef blog that tells the stories of the characters who live under the waves and what has caught my eye when ‘out on a swim’ in the lagoons of Norfolk Island. It is also a record of the difficulties Norfolk Island’s reef faces, like many others around the world, as a result of the poor water quality that has been allowed to flow onto it.

This blog is rated in the Top 20 Coral Reef Blogs in the world.

A school of sand mullet, Myxus elongatus

Report released into the health of Norfolk Island's reef

September 7, 2021

The first week of spring is already done and dusted. Amazing!

The most momentous event for me this week was the final release of the report by the Sydney Institute of Marine Science, commissioned by Australian Marine Parks, into the health of the reef here on Norfolk Island. The report’s findings were confronting, but I confess to not being surprised. However, on the upside we now have scientific evidence to back my hunch that all is not well on the reef. Which means we can no longer ignore the issue and sweep it under a carpet of ignorance and indifference. We need to fix the causes of the problem before the reef’s health suffers further.

My main motivating factor for starting this website was my alarm at what I saw when I returned to live here just more than three years ago. Coral reefs, globally, are facing a tough gig right now, and we have to do everything we can to make sure they survive. You can read my full take on the state of the reef on an earlier blog post, ‘The State of Play on Norfolk Island’s Reef’. If you are interested in reading what the experts say, you can find the links to two reports at the bottom of that article.

On a happier note, let’s segue to my observations while out on a swim this week.

Swimming in the bays can be incredibly deceptive. Very windy weather puts many people off going for a swim, but beneath the waves there has been some great visibility. That is because the prevailing winds were coming from the north and east, and Emily Bay is largely sheltered from that – under the water, anyway!

Observations this week included swimming into a mullet school just off the Salt House (top photo). As I quietly looked on, they proceeded to swim slowly around me like a giant wheel – quite an experience.

View fullsize Green moon wrasse - Thalassoma lutescens
Green moon wrasse - Thalassoma lutescens
View fullsize Green moon wrasse - Thalassoma lutescens
Green moon wrasse - Thalassoma lutescens

Dwarf sea hare next to my finger

The green moon wrasse (images above) were very active and inquisitive this week. One, in particular, followed me for a good half an hour as I made my way around the reef off the Salt House. Most wrasses use their pectoral fins for locomotion, oscillating them a bit like wings. It is called labriform locomotion. I managed to capture this colourful wrasse mid-flight (left image)!

I also noticed dozens and dozens of dwarf sea hares (Aplysia concava) out and about, quietly munching away on algae. Initially they are quite difficult to see, but once you’ve seen one everywhere you look you’ll see them hiding in plain sight. To give you an idea of how tiny they are, I have included an image with my index finger (right).

This week I put together a composite image of just some of the corals I have photographed over the last 18 months (since I got my little camera).

Often people remark to me how brown and boring the corals are here. ‘Yeh, right! I reply!

We are one of the world’s most southerly reefs, so, yes, we don’t have the bright eye-popping colours of those found on the Great Barrier Reef, but when you look closely, I think you will agree that they are certainly not all brown! You can see many more close-ups of corals over on my corals page on this website.

Tags sea hares, green moon wrasse, sand mullet, school of fish, Emily Bay, water quality, pollution, Sydney Institute of Marine Science
← Jockeying for space on the reefBanded, convict and spotted snake eels - know the difference →
Featured
Glimpses of recovery: what the reef could be if we let it
Jun 13, 2025
Glimpses of recovery: what the reef could be if we let it
Jun 13, 2025

Day 6 of this photo series from Norfolk Island coincides with the final day of the UN Ocean Conference in Nice. After a week of documenting decline, today’s post offers a different view – what reef recovery can look like when conditions improve. Drought in 2024 gave the reef a break, and the results were unmistakable: healthier corals, lower disease, and more fish. This is what’s possible if we act.

Jun 13, 2025
Warning signs: quiet and unnoticed collapse of two coral colonies
Jun 12, 2025
Warning signs: quiet and unnoticed collapse of two coral colonies
Jun 12, 2025

Day 5 of my blog series for the UN Ocean Conference: two long-lived coral colonies in Norfolk’s lagoon died quietly from disease. No drama – just slow collapse and overgrowth by algae. A reminder that not all reef losses are loud, but they are happening.

Jun 12, 2025
Warning signs:  what Norfolk Island’s reef is telling us
Jun 11, 2025
Warning signs: what Norfolk Island’s reef is telling us
Jun 11, 2025

Day 4 of a week-long photo series from Norfolk Island, shared during the UN Ocean Conference in Nice. Today’s post spotlights a Hydnophora pilosa colony where white syndrome appeared suddenly and spread quickly, taking out around a quarter of the coral. In the months that followed, algae quietly filled the gap – a subtle but telling shift from coral to algae that’s happening across the reef.

Jun 11, 2025
Warning signs: coral disease takes hold
Jun 10, 2025
Warning signs: coral disease takes hold
Jun 10, 2025

In Day 3 of this blog post series, published while leaders gather at the UN Ocean Conference in Nice, we see Norfolk Island’s coral reef lagoon quietly delivering a stark warning: recurrent land-based pollution, coral disease, and delayed decisions are dismantling this ecosystem in real time.

Jun 10, 2025
Warning signs: coral growth anomalies – the slow cancers of the reef
Jun 9, 2025
Warning signs: coral growth anomalies – the slow cancers of the reef
Jun 9, 2025

Day 2’s post coinciding with the UN Ocean Conference looks at coral growth anomalies – sometimes called coral ‘cancers’. These slow-moving diseases quietly weaken coral colonies, making them far more vulnerable to storm damage and algal takeover. On Norfolk Island’s reef, I’ve watched this exact process play out over several years. This is how chronic stress silently dismantles coral ecosystems.

Jun 9, 2025
Warning signs: shifting baselines on Norfolk Island’s reef
Jun 8, 2025
Warning signs: shifting baselines on Norfolk Island’s reef
Jun 8, 2025

Today is World Ocean Day — a timely moment to launch my week-long blog series on Norfolk Island’s reef. Each day this week, I’ll be sharing photo essays that document the slow but steady pressures reshaping this fragile reef. Today: how shifting baselines make us blind to what we’ve already lost.

Jun 8, 2025
The Governance–Government Vacuum: Norfolk Island’s Forgotten Ecology
Apr 29, 2025
The Governance–Government Vacuum: Norfolk Island’s Forgotten Ecology
Apr 29, 2025

A personal reflection on Norfolk Island’s coral reef environment, political denial, and what John Wyndham’s The Kraken Wakes can still teach us about slow-moving disasters — and why this election matters more than ever.

Apr 29, 2025
Cute as buttons – Astrea curta
Feb 20, 2025
Cute as buttons – Astrea curta
Feb 20, 2025

Astrea curta corals are ‘small, moderately plocoid [flattened], distinct, and almost circular’ . Normally grey-green in colour, you can see from the images here, ours are often beautiful rich gold, although they do vary. They have a neat growth habit and button-like corallites, which can grow in columns, spherically or flattened. Large colonies of these can form gorgeous undulating bumps.

Feb 20, 2025
From 'Watch' to 'Warning'
Jan 26, 2025
From 'Watch' to 'Warning'
Jan 26, 2025

Last week, the chance of coral bleaching in Norfolk Island’s inshore lagoons was raised from ‘Watch’ to ‘Warning’ and will more than likely rise to Alert levels one and two in coming weeks. So why do I worry about water quality all the time when bleaching seems inevitable these days and so the reef is probably doomed anyway? Read on to find out.

Jan 26, 2025
From little things – watching them grow
Jan 4, 2025
From little things – watching them grow
Jan 4, 2025

Small numbers of different fish species is not an unusual phenomenon on Norfolk Island’s reef, but it does demonstrate what a tiny, precious, coral reef ecosystem we have, when we can count individuals on one hand and watch each of them grow, like these little blackeye thicklips, a member of the wrasse family.

Jan 4, 2025

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