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Norfolk Island's Reef

Discover a fragile paradise – Norfolk Island's beaches, lagoons and coral reef
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    • Kingston, Norfolk Island
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  • Out on a swim - blog
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Out on A Swim

‘Out on a swim’ is a coral reef blog that tells the stories of the characters who live under the waves and what has caught my eye when ‘out on a swim’ in the lagoons of Norfolk Island. It is also a record of the difficulties Norfolk Island’s reef faces, like many others around the world, as a result of the poor water quality that has been allowed to flow onto it.

This page shows the most recent blog posts. For the complete catalogue, visit the ‘Out on a swim index’ page.

This blog is rated in the Top 20 Coral Reef Blogs in the world.

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Underwater wars! Aatuti versus the elegant wrasse

January 20, 2021

The elegant wrasse – Anampses elegans – moves around the lagoons in voracious schools; they descend on the coral and algae to eat, but then get shooed away by the other fish, particularly by the aatuti (banded scalyfin - Parma polylepis). Aatuti, the local name given to them by Norfolk Islanders, are keen underwater gardeners who don't take kindly to their carefully tended and guarded patches being raided.

View fullsize A school of elegant wrasse
A school of elegant wrasse
View fullsize An aatuti shooing the elegant wrasse
An aatuti shooing the elegant wrasse

Above are images of the elegant wrasse in action. They descend, en masse, hurriedly munching on the algae until an aatuti (or another species of fish, but most often the aatuti) dives into the fray and scatters them in all directions. They know they will be moved on very quickly, so the action is frenzied. The elegant wrasse completely out-number the aatuti, not that it seems to faze these aggressive and self-important aatuti!

When you’re snorkelling, you can often hear these wrasses before you see them because they make an incredible racket as they gnaw on the corals and algae. And if you listen carefully, you can also hear the aatuti, who makes a warning ‘bok, bok, bok’ noise as he shoos all-comers!

Today, a very irritable and non-plussed aatuti decided to warn me off as well. I managed to capture his annoyance just before he veered to one side. All bluff and bluster!

Below are more images of the beautiful, elegant wrasse. It’s just a shame they have no manners!

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Below are images of the aatuti. In the central image, you can clearly see the aatuti’s carefully tended patch of algae.

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← The sea-wolves of Emily BayGoniopora norfolkensis – an uncommon coral →
Featured
Aglow among the spines
Oct 25, 2025
Aglow among the spines
Oct 25, 2025

Ever seen a sea urchin that seems to glow blue from the shadows? That’s Diadema savignyi showing off its reef shimmer. Beautiful, a little spiky, and definitely not to be messed with.

Oct 25, 2025
The funky seventies sea slug – Halgerda willeyi
Oct 15, 2025
The funky seventies sea slug – Halgerda willeyi
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If ever a sea slug was channeling the 1970s, it’s Halgerda willeyi. With its groovy orange lines and chocolate-brown bumps, it looks straight out of a vintage lounge suite – the kind with shag pile carpet and bold floral cushions. Proof that nature was nailing retro design long before humans caught on.

Oct 15, 2025
Haddon's barometer
Oct 5, 2025
Haddon's barometer
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This Haddon’s anemone has been quietly living in the middle of Norfolk Island’s Emily Bay for years, bleaching and recovering with the seasons. Like corals, sea anemones host microscopic algae that provide most of their food. When stressed by heat or rainfall changes, they lose colour – and tell a story about seasonal changes to the weather.

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Honoured to be featured
Sep 30, 2025
Honoured to be featured
Sep 30, 2025

I left school in the UK nearly 50 years ago, so it was a pleasant surprise to be invited to share some images and take part in an interview for an article about my work, to be published in the annual glossy magazine the school now produces. Here is the end product.

Sep 30, 2025
Celebrating Biodiversity Month on Norfolk Island
Sep 7, 2025
Celebrating Biodiversity Month on Norfolk Island
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September is Biodiversity Month – the perfect time to celebrate the astonishing variety of life on Norfolk Island’s reef. From new fish sightings to coral mosaics, every observation is a reminder of how much there is still to learn and protect.

Read more about why biodiversity matters, globally and right here in our lagoon.

Sep 7, 2025
The fate of a coral colony when it succumbs to white syndrome – four years on
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The fate of a coral colony when it succumbs to white syndrome – four years on
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I’ve tracked one plating Acropora coral from 2021 to 2025. In just a few weeks, white syndrome wiped it out. Nearly four years years on, it’s still smothered in algae and sea squirts, with only the tiniest hint of new growth. It’s a stark reminder: without tackling the root cause, we’re just watching the same sad story repeat itself.

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The Candy-Striped Cleaner Keeping the Reef Healthy
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Candy-cane stripes, long white feelers, and a reef spa on offer – the banded coral shrimp waves its antennae to advertise cleaning services to passing fish.

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Biomimicry: How a Boxfish Caught Mercedes Benz’s Eye
Aug 10, 2025
Biomimicry: How a Boxfish Caught Mercedes Benz’s Eye
Aug 10, 2025

Meet Mr Lemonhead – our lagoon’s teeny yellow boxfish with a big design legacy. He inspired a Mercedes Benz concept car, proving how nature is full of surprises. And he shares the lagoon with other critters whose tricks have also shaped real-world inventions.

Aug 10, 2025
Patchwork Corals: How Colonies Fuse to Form Living Mosaics
Aug 3, 2025
Patchwork Corals: How Colonies Fuse to Form Living Mosaics
Aug 3, 2025

Some corals wear more than one colour for a reason. When Paragoniastrea australensis colonies fuse early in life, they form living mosaics. A beautiful reminder of coral cooperation on Norfolk Island’s reef.

Aug 3, 2025
Reef relief
Jul 28, 2025
Reef relief
Jul 28, 2025

Today, 28 July, is World Nature Conservation Day. After the dry 2024, Norfolk Island’s reef is looking healthier – a brief reprieve as less water - laden with nutrients - flowed into the lagoon. These photos show what’s possible. It’s a reminder that recovery is within reach – though renewed runoff could quickly undo the gains.

Jul 28, 2025

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