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Norfolk Island's Reef

Discover a fragile paradise – Norfolk Island's beaches, lagoons and coral reef
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  • Out on a swim - blog
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Out on A Swim

‘Out on a swim’ is a coral reef blog that tells the stories of the characters who live under the waves and what has caught my eye when ‘out on a swim’ in the lagoons of Norfolk Island. It is also a record of the difficulties Norfolk Island’s reef faces, like many others around the world, as a result of the poor water quality that has been allowed to flow onto it.

This page shows the most recent blog posts. For the complete catalogue, visit the ‘Out on a swim index’ page.

This blog is rated in the Top 20 Coral Reef Blogs in the world.

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Corals in western Slaughter Bay, close to the Kingston Pier Dredging Project

Kingston dredging: what happens when a reef does not fit the framework

May 28, 2026

This correspondence with DCCEEW is about more than one dredging proposal. It is about what happens when an ecologically distinctive place is assessed through standard tools that do not always make its most important values easy to see. I am publishing it here because that is something we need to be aware of, both on Norfolk Island and more broadly in Australia.

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In Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Environmental degradation, Corals Tags Environmental protection, corals, coral reef, dredging, Pier, marine environment, marine conservation
Comment

My school’s logo and motto, Christ me spede

Honoured to be featured

September 30, 2025

I left school in the UK nearly 50 years ago, so it was a pleasant surprise to be invited to share some images and take part in an interview for an article about my work, to be published in the annual glossy magazine the school now produces. Here is the end product.

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In Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Education
Comment

Eclipse butterflyfish – Chaetodon bennetti, Norfolk Island

Celebrating Biodiversity Month on Norfolk Island

September 7, 2025

September is Biodiversity Month – the perfect time to celebrate the astonishing variety of life on Norfolk Island’s reef. From new fish sightings to coral mosaics, every observation is a reminder of how much there is still to learn and protect.

Read more about why biodiversity matters, globally and right here in our lagoon.

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In Biodiversity Tags biodiversity, Fish, corals, Norfolk Island, Emily Bay, Slaughter Bay
Comment

Blue-barred parrotfish (Scarus ghobban), last seen in September 2021

Fish stocktake – the mysteries, the surprises and the wins

April 22, 2024

In my ‘Year in review for 2023 on Norfolk Island’s reef’, published in December 2023, I made a few observations about the apparent disappearance of some fish species from Norfolk Island’s lagoons. I thought I would revisit these, principally because since December there has been so much additional fish activity here, with some exciting population increases and a few new species turning up.

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In Biodiversity, Fish, Fish species Tags Fish behaviour, Fish, weather, rainfall, fish species, observations
Comment

Free weed!

December 22, 2023

I couldn’t resist posting these beautiful images of floating seaweed. Enjoy!

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In Biodiversity, Algae Tags seaweed, algae, Norfolk Island
Comment

A Norfolk Island endemic species, the Norfolk Island blenny, Parablennius serratolineatus

Atlas of Living Australia recognises iNaturalist observations for Norfolk Island

August 16, 2023

After about 18 months of asking, and with the help of some wonderful people from the data department of the Atlas of Living Australia and the Australian Museum, the Atlas of Living Australia website now recognises iNaturalist citizen science observations for Norfolk Island. Which is definitely something worth celebrating!

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In Biodiversity Tags Citizen science, iNaturalist, observations, Atlas of Living Australia, Australian Museum, biodiversity, endemic species, Environment, environmental protections, Environmental protection
Comment

Norfolk Island blenny, Parablennius serratolineatus

Norfolk Island's endemics on record

March 14, 2023

It is fascinating to me that, in terms of biodiversity, there is still a slight feel of the frontier to Norfolk Island. So remote and isolated from any other land mass, it stands to reason that we have some different species that are found only here. On such is the Norfolk Island blenny.

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In Biodiversity Tags fish species, Fish, endemic, Norfolk Island, Norfolk Island blenny
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A common view of an aatuti as you swim into its territory!

Phase shifts and biodiversity

March 9, 2023

One species that is doing remarkably well on Norfolk Island’s reef as it inexorably transitions from coral-dominated to algal-dominated is the banded scalyfin, Parma polylepis, which is unsurprising as their main food source is algae. The downside is they harass and bully all the other species that come anywhere near their territory, to the detriment of our biodiversity. Find out more here.

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In Biodiversity Tags banded scalyfin, biodiversity, phase shift, coral reef, algae, water quality
Comment

From front to back: raccoon butterflyfish; blackback butterflyfish; three-striped butterflyfish Back right: Threadfin butterflyfish

No coral? No butterflyfish!

March 4, 2023

Butterflyfish are ‘corallivores’, that is, they feed mainly on coral polyps and the energy-rich mucous that these produce. Corals also make a great place for butterflyfish to shelter in and under. Without healthy corals, then fish like these will become more and more scarce.

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In Biodiversity Tags Butterflyfish, corals, coral reef, fish, fish species, biodiversity
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Featured
Reflections of an accidental marine scientist
August 1, 2026
Reflections of an accidental marine scientist
August 1, 2026

What I thought would be a steady plod towards retirement, with plenty of time spent nursing grandchildren, was abruptly upended exactly six years ago today. This is the story of how an environmental catastrophe changed the course of my life – and led me to reinvent myself. It is a reflection on how, and why, I became an accidental marine scientist.

August 1, 2026
From ridge to reef: unpicking the Waterway and Wetland Strategy
July 24, 2026
From ridge to reef: unpicking the Waterway and Wetland Strategy
July 24, 2026

Norfolk Island’s draft Waterway and Wetland Strategy will guide work for the next ten years. I support its intent, but it needs to be clear, practical and measurable – joining the dots from ridge to reef so we know whether public money is improving water quality and helping the reef.

July 24, 2026
Reef reality in pictures
July 13, 2026
Reef reality in pictures
July 13, 2026

Let the pictures do the talking. This is the reality on Norfolk Island’s reef today, laid out in a two-minute video.

July 13, 2026
The red seaweed behind low-methane beef
June 28, 2026
The red seaweed behind low-methane beef
June 28, 2026

A small red seaweed on Norfolk’s reef has become part of a much bigger story. Asparagopsis taxiformis can look like a delicate red feather duster or, at another stage of its life cycle, like a tiny cottony pom-pom. It is beautiful, easily overlooked, and now being used in the cattle industry to help reduce methane emissions. This post looks at the reef oddity behind the low-methane beef story – and why repeated local observation can be more useful than it first appears.

June 28, 2026
From coral scar to aatuti farm
June 20, 2026
From coral scar to aatuti farm
June 20, 2026

Aatuti are bold little algae farmers, but how does one of their farms begin? Over the past year, I have been following several coral patches as small white scars became algal footholds, then larger defended patches. I still cannot say what caused the first wounds, but the photo sequences show something fascinating: on a reef where algae is already gaining ground, even tiny changes on the coral surface can become part of a much bigger story.

June 20, 2026
Norfolk’s water quality – when action is reported as outcome
June 15, 2026
Norfolk’s water quality – when action is reported as outcome
June 15, 2026

A recent Australian Government media release presents investment, monitoring and catchment works as progress on Norfolk Island’s water quality. Some of that work is useful, and some of it was badly needed. But activity is not the same as proven improvement. This post looks at Kingston sewerage, wetlands, cattle, acid sulfate soils, groundwater and reef health, and asks whether Emily Bay and Slaughter Bay are actually being better protected.

June 15, 2026
How surgeonfishes got their name
June 14, 2026
How surgeonfishes got their name
June 14, 2026

Surgeonfish are named for the sharp little scalpels near their tails, but on Norfolk’s reef their more useful work happens at the other end. Pencil surgeonfish, bluespine unicornfish and their relatives help browse algae across the reef – a small daily job that becomes very valuable on an algae-rich lagoon reef like ours.

June 14, 2026
A shrimp storm
May 28, 2026
A shrimp storm
May 28, 2026

While setting my research cams last week, I swam into what looked like an underwater snowstorm. It appeared to be the aftermath of a mass moulting event, with large numbers of tiny, translucent shrimp-like exoskeletons drifting together near the surface.

May 28, 2026
Kingston dredging: what happens when a reef does not fit the framework
May 28, 2026
Kingston dredging: what happens when a reef does not fit the framework
May 28, 2026

This correspondence with DCCEEW is about more than one dredging proposal. It is about what happens when an ecologically distinctive place is assessed through standard tools that do not always make its most important values easy to see. I am publishing it here because that is something we need to be aware of, both on Norfolk Island and more broadly in Australia.

May 28, 2026
Kingston dredging: the project advances, the questions remain
May 24, 2026
Kingston dredging: the project advances, the questions remain
May 24, 2026

Kingston dredging is edging closer, and the paper trail is growing. This post brings together earlier correspondence with the Department and the latest media release so readers can see what has been asked, what has been answered, and what still remains unclear about the project, its rationale, and the protections proposed for the reef.

May 24, 2026

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