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Norfolk Island's Reef

Discover a fragile paradise – Norfolk Island's beaches, lagoons and coral reef
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    • Algae
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    • Eels
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    • Out On A Swim Index
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  • Out on a swim - blog
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Out on A Swim

‘Out on a swim’ is a coral reef blog that tells the stories of the characters who live under the waves and what has caught my eye when ‘out on a swim’ in the lagoons of Norfolk Island. It is also a record of the difficulties Norfolk Island’s reef faces, like many others around the world, as a result of the poor water quality that has been allowed to flow onto it.

This page shows the most recent blog posts. For the complete catalogue, visit the ‘Out on a swim index’ page.

This blog is rated in the Top 20 Coral Reef Blogs in the world.

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Glimpses of recovery: what the reef could be if we let it

June 13, 2025

Day 6 of this photo series from Norfolk Island coincides with the final day of the UN Ocean Conference in Nice. After a week of documenting decline, today’s post offers a different view – what reef recovery can look like when conditions improve. Drought in 2024 gave the reef a break, and the results were unmistakable: healthier corals, lower disease, and more fish. This is what’s possible if we act.

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In Environmental degradation Tags UNOceanConference, UNOC2025, Coral disease, corals, coral reef, coral health, Water quality
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I wrote about this massive coral in a blog post ‘The Ancient Massives’, 20 March 2022

Warning signs: quiet and unnoticed collapse of two coral colonies

June 12, 2025

Day 5 of my blog series for the UN Ocean Conference: two long-lived coral colonies in Norfolk’s lagoon died quietly from disease. No drama – just slow collapse and overgrowth by algae. A reminder that not all reef losses are loud, but they are happening.

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In Environmental degradation Tags UNOceanConference, UNOC2025, Coral disease, corals, coral health, water quality
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Hynophora pilosa colony, Norfolk Island

Warning signs: what Norfolk Island’s reef is telling us

June 11, 2025

Day 4 of a week-long photo series from Norfolk Island, shared during the UN Ocean Conference in Nice. Today’s post spotlights a Hydnophora pilosa colony where white syndrome appeared suddenly and spread quickly, taking out around a quarter of the coral. In the months that followed, algae quietly filled the gap – a subtle but telling shift from coral to algae that’s happening across the reef.

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In Environmental degradation Tags corals, coral reef, Norfolk Island, White syndrome, coral disease, UNOceanConference, UNOC2025, Water quality
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Lone Pine, Emily Bay, Norfolk Island

Warning signs: coral disease takes hold

June 10, 2025

In Day 3 of this blog post series, published while leaders gather at the UN Ocean Conference in Nice, we see Norfolk Island’s coral reef lagoon quietly delivering a stark warning: recurrent land-based pollution, coral disease, and delayed decisions are dismantling this ecosystem in real time.

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In Environmental degradation Tags UNOC2025, UNOceanConference, Coral disease, Reef health, coral reef, water quality, marine conservation, ocean action, Environmental protection, ocean science
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An Acropora coral colony, Emily Bay, Norfolk Island, showing early signs of growth anomalies

Warning signs: coral growth anomalies – the slow cancers of the reef

June 9, 2025

Day 2’s post coinciding with the UN Ocean Conference looks at coral growth anomalies – sometimes called coral ‘cancers’. These slow-moving diseases quietly weaken coral colonies, making them far more vulnerable to storm damage and algal takeover. On Norfolk Island’s reef, I’ve watched this exact process play out over several years. This is how chronic stress silently dismantles coral ecosystems.

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In Environmental degradation Tags UNOceanConference, Coral disease, coral reef, water quality, coral cancer
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Healthy montipora coral, Norfolk Island

Warning signs: shifting baselines on Norfolk Island’s reef

June 8, 2025

Today is World Ocean Day — a timely moment to launch my week-long blog series on Norfolk Island’s reef. Each day this week, I’ll be sharing photo essays that document the slow but steady pressures reshaping this fragile reef. Today: how shifting baselines make us blind to what we’ve already lost.

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In Environmental degradation Tags White syndrome, algae, coral reef, coral disease, Coral, phase shift, shifting baseline syndrome, UNOceanConference, Marine Conservation, Reef Health
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No seagrass, but plenty of turtles
September 13, 2026
No seagrass, but plenty of turtles
September 13, 2026

Norfolk Island does not have seagrass, although one of our most conspicuous green algae is often mistaken for it. Feather and grape Caulerpa can both form striking patches across the lagoon. I take a closer look at what Caulerpa actually is, why it is so easily confused with seagrass, and where our green turtles fit into the story.

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September 13, 2026
Watching El Niño from Norfolk Island
September 6, 2026
Watching El Niño from Norfolk Island
September 6, 2026

El Niño is strengthening across the Pacific, but that does not tell us exactly what the coming months will bring to Norfolk Island. After a long wet spell, I am watching our rainfall and water supplies more closely again – and, underwater, keeping an eye on sea temperature, algae, coral recruits and the fish that turn up on the reef.

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September 6, 2026
What the world’s reefs are telling Norfolk Island
September 2, 2026
What the world’s reefs are telling Norfolk Island
September 2, 2026

Two major new coral reef reports carry a clear message for Norfolk Island: reefs can recover when pressures ease, but the time available for recovery is shrinking. Norfolk Islanders were raising concerns about water quality, runoff and the health of Emily and Slaughter Bays nearly forty years ago. Today we have much better science, a changing climate and a far clearer understanding of how closely the catchment and reef are connected. This article looks at what that means for water quality, long-term monitoring, dredging and how we manage Kingston from land to sea.

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September 2, 2026
When the map changes
August 25, 2026
When the map changes
August 25, 2026

A fish once thought to belong only to Norfolk turns up elsewhere; another appears here hundreds of kilometres beyond its known range. Cardinalfishes and a Sabre squirrelfish show how our maps of species distributions are revised.

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August 25, 2026
Endemic, native, undescribed – what do these words actually mean?
August 24, 2026
Endemic, native, undescribed – what do these words actually mean?
August 24, 2026

A Norfolk chromis that turned out not to be Chromis fumea, a blenny found nowhere else, and a tiny goby that may not yet have a name. A look at what we mean by native, endemic, undescribed and newly described – and why scientific names sometimes change.

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August 24, 2026
What’s grazing in the green stuff?
August 16, 2026
What’s grazing in the green stuff?
August 16, 2026

A proliferation of Bryopsis on the reef has brought some beautiful little underwater grazers with it. I follow the trail from sap-sucking sea slugs and egg masses to a bigger question – why is there so much Bryopsis around at the moment?

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August 16, 2026
The clam beneath Emily Bay
August 8, 2026
The clam beneath Emily Bay
August 8, 2026

I’ve seen the beautiful shells of Laciolina chloroleuca in Emily Bay for decades, but I’d never really stopped to wonder where the living animals were. It turns out they may be buried half a metre beneath the sand. A closer look at an easily overlooked clam, its extraordinary shell markings, and the hidden life beneath our lagoon.

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August 8, 2026
Reflections of an accidental marine scientist
August 1, 2026
Reflections of an accidental marine scientist
August 1, 2026

What I thought would be a steady plod towards retirement, with plenty of time spent nursing grandchildren, was abruptly upended exactly six years ago today. This is the story of how an environmental catastrophe changed the course of my life – and led me to reinvent myself. It is a reflection on how, and why, I became an accidental marine scientist.

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August 1, 2026
From ridge to reef: unpicking the Waterway and Wetland Strategy
July 24, 2026
From ridge to reef: unpicking the Waterway and Wetland Strategy
July 24, 2026

Norfolk Island’s draft Waterway and Wetland Strategy will guide work for the next ten years. I support its intent, but it needs to be clear, practical and measurable – joining the dots from ridge to reef so we know whether public money is improving water quality and helping the reef.

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July 24, 2026
Reef reality in pictures
July 13, 2026
Reef reality in pictures
July 13, 2026

Let the pictures do the talking. This is the reality on Norfolk Island’s reef today, laid out in a two-minute video.

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July 13, 2026

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