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Norfolk Island's Reef

Discover a fragile paradise – Norfolk Island's beaches, lagoons and coral reef
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Out on A Swim

‘Out on a swim’ is a coral reef blog that tells the stories of the characters who live under the waves and what has caught my eye when ‘out on a swim’ in the lagoons of Norfolk Island. It is also a record of the difficulties Norfolk Island’s reef faces, like many others around the world, as a result of the poor water quality that has been allowed to flow onto it.

This page shows the most recent blog posts. For the complete catalogue, visit the ‘Out on a swim index’ page.

This blog is rated in the Top 20 Coral Reef Blogs in the world.

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Reflections of an accidental marine scientist

August 1, 2026

What I thought would be a steady plod towards retirement, with plenty of time spent nursing grandchildren, was abruptly upended exactly six years ago today. This is the story of how an environmental catastrophe changed the course of my life – and led me to reinvent myself. It is a reflection on how, and why, I became an accidental marine scientist.

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In Environmental advocacy Tags Biography, reflection, Norfolk Island, PhD candidate, environment, advocacy, lifelong learning
4 Comments

A view across to the inshore reef, Slaughter Bay, Norfolk Island

The Governance–Government Vacuum: Norfolk Island’s Forgotten Ecology

April 29, 2025

A personal reflection on Norfolk Island’s coral reef environment, political denial, and what John Wyndham’s The Kraken Wakes can still teach us about slow-moving disasters — and why this election matters more than ever.

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In Environmental degradation Tags Politics, Election 2025, environment, Environmental protection, coral health
2 Comments

Emily Bay at low tide, early morning, December 2024

A year in review – 2024 on Norfolk Island’s Reef

December 27, 2024

It is five years since I began wielding a camera underwater in Norfolk Island’s lagoons and my third ‘year in review’ for this ‘Out on a swim’ blog. And what a journey it has been. At least this year I have some great news to report, but – a bit like a curate’s egg (partly bad and partly good) – there are also some downers. Find out what 2024 has meant for Norfolk Island’s reef.

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In Environmental degradation Tags Norfolk Island, coral reef, corals, coral health, water quality, environment, environmental protections
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Healthy montipora coral on Norfolk Island’s reef

The camera doesn’t lie – looking back over three years of observations

March 2, 2023

After three years of observations, I have a unique library of some 80,000 images recording life in Norfolk Island’s lagoons. So I thought it would be worth spending the month of March looking back to see what has changed in that time and what hasn’t. Each day I will feature a different image. For 1 March I have picked a simple brown coral – a plate coral from the genus montipora. Read on to see what is happening to our montipora now.

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In Environmental degradation Tags environment, corals, coral disease, water quality, coral reef
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Remnant reef overgrown with algae, 31 January 2022, Emily Bay, Norfolk Island

Come on in. The water's fine ...

January 31, 2022

As Costa Georgiadis says, nature tells the truth, and we must only look at our reef on Norfolk Island to know its truth. We, as custodians, have not been caring enough for it and now that carelessness is coming home to roost.

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In Environmental degradation Tags corals, coral reef, environment, ecosystems, alagae, pollution, Norfolk Island, Coral disease, water quality
2 Comments

Surge wrasse - Thalassoma purpureum

Nuptial colouration in blennies

October 12, 2021

Warmer water and some behavioural changes: some fish are getting their nuptial colours on, while others have started incubating eggs in their mouth. It is all happening ‘out on a swim’. Catch up on the last week in Norfolk Island’s lagoons here.

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Tags nuptual colouration, Blenny, Emily Bay, Raft, pontoon, Southern Eagle Ray, environment, ecosystem, water quality
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Collector urchin - Tripneustes gratilla

Collector urchin - Tripneustes gratilla

The importance of sea urchins

August 10, 2021

August on Norfolk Island is the coolest month of the year. The southerly winds have been bringing in pounding surf and reduced visibility in the bays. For those who are interested, the water temperature has been hovering between 17C and 18C. This week I showcase some of the different species of sea urchins in our bays and provide a few fast facts about them.

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Tags sea urchin, wunna, sea slugs, environment
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Familiar faces – getting to know the reef’s residents
November 3, 2026
Familiar faces – getting to know the reef’s residents
November 3, 2026

Six years of swimming the same little reef have introduced me to some unforgettable characters that I’ve followed over time. From familiar fish and anemones to turtles and a snail’s eggs, this final article in my photographic series explores what I’ve learned about the lives of individual animals simply by returning, watching and taking photographs.

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November 3, 2026
When algae move in – the changing reef neighbourhood
November 1, 2026
When algae move in – the changing reef neighbourhood
November 1, 2026

Algae are a natural part of Norfolk Island's reef, changing with the underwater seasons. But sometimes their beautiful green growth conceals a rather sad story. In the fifth article of my six-part photographic series, I revisit familiar places to see how algae have changed over the years – and what might be hiding underneath.

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November 1, 2026
The slow disappearance – disease on the reef
October 30, 2026
The slow disappearance – disease on the reef
October 30, 2026

What happens after coral disease has run its course? In the fourth article of my six-part photographic series, I revisit colonies I've watched lose living tissue, sometimes alarmingly quickly. From a potentially century-old brain coral that lost most of its living tissue in less than 100 days to the algae-covered skeletons left years later, these photographs reveal the longer-term consequences of coral disease on Norfolk Island's reef.

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October 30, 2026
When storms rearrange the reef
October 28, 2026
When storms rearrange the reef
October 28, 2026

Sometimes the sea rearranges a reef in a matter of hours! In the third article of my six-part photographic series, I revisit corals broken, overturned or swept away by powerful swells and storm surges. Some disappeared altogether, while others found surprising ways to survive. Five photographic sequences reveal just how dramatically Norfolk Island's reef can change.

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October 28, 2026
When the reef fights back – coral growth and recovery
October 26, 2026
When the reef fights back – coral growth and recovery
October 26, 2026

Not every coral story ends badly! Among six years of underwater photographs are some wonderful examples of growth, survival and recovery. From corals that have grown spectacularly to others that have survived bleaching, breakage or even being turned upside down, this second article in my photographic series celebrates some of the reef's more encouraging stories.

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October 26, 2026
The neighbours – six years of watching the same reef
October 24, 2026
The neighbours – six years of watching the same reef
October 24, 2026

When I began photographing Norfolk Island's reef in 2020, I simply recorded whatever caught my eye. Six years later, those photographs have become a record of individual corals and their changing fortunes – growth, competition, survival and loss. This is the first of six articles looking back at what I've seen, and sometimes what I wish I hadn't.

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October 24, 2026
Pulling the rugosity from out of the reef
October 10, 2026
Pulling the rugosity from out of the reef
October 10, 2026

What do ‘rugosity’, structural complexity and channeling your inner fish have in common? Quite a lot, as it turns out. This week I’m looking at how all the lumps, bumps, branches, holes and ledges on a reef create habitat – with a brief detour into one of my long-standing tricks for navigating tertiary study: write down the jargon until it starts to make sense.

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October 10, 2026
How does a sea slug smell?
September 27, 2026
How does a sea slug smell?
September 27, 2026

It started with a close-up of a little Elysia and two rhinophores that looked like tiny rolled-up scrolls. Once I noticed them, I started going back through years of sea-slug photos and realised just how wildly different these sensory organs can be – ridged, rolled, curled, tubular and, in sea hares, distinctly rabbit-eared. So this week’s rabbit hole is all about how sea slugs ‘smell’ underwater, and why their noses come in so many different shapes.

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September 27, 2026
The Elite Fleet sails in
September 19, 2026
The Elite Fleet sails in
September 19, 2026

Nearly six years ago, my very first blog post was about the strange blue and violet creatures that live at the ocean’s surface – a group I christened Norfolk Island’s ‘Elite Fleet’. Since then I’ve seen plenty of bluebottles and the occasional violet sea snail, but never a by-the-wind sailor. Until this morning. Velella velella is not a true jellyfish, but a colonial hydrozoan with a transparent sail that lets the wind help carry it across the ocean. So what exactly is this extraordinary little creature, how does it ‘sail’, and what connects it to the rest of the fleet?

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September 19, 2026
In a nutshell – where I stand on the proposed Norfolk Island Marine Park
September 18, 2026
In a nutshell – where I stand on the proposed Norfolk Island Marine Park
September 18, 2026

I support the proposed expansion of Norfolk Marine Park and its renaming as Norfolk Island Marine Park. There is much to welcome – strong offshore protection, no mining, and recognition of the importance of sustainable local fishing. But I also have some reservations. Why does Cascade need to be removed from the Marine Park at all? How will more than 430,000 km² actually be monitored and enforced? How do we make sure Norfolk people have a genuine role in management? And, above all, how do we ensure that the enormous new park does not draw attention away from the small, stressed reef immediately beside us?

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September 18, 2026

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