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Norfolk Island's Reef

Discover a fragile paradise – Norfolk Island's beaches, lagoons and coral reef
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    • Kingston, Norfolk Island
    • Nudibranchs, Sea Slugs and Flatworms
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    • Sharks
    • Sea Anemones
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  • Out on a swim - blog
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Out on A Swim

‘Out on a swim’ is a coral reef blog that tells the stories of the characters who live under the waves and what has caught my eye when ‘out on a swim’ in the lagoons of Norfolk Island. It is also a record of the difficulties Norfolk Island’s reef faces, like many others around the world, as a result of the poor water quality that has been allowed to flow onto it.

This page shows the most recent blog posts. For the complete catalogue, visit the ‘Out on a swim index’ page.

This blog is rated in the Top 20 Coral Reef Blogs in the world.

My grandson

For the sake of our grandchildren

March 26, 2023

DAY 26 Summary – MARCH FOCUS ON NORFOLK ISLAND’S REEF

More than three years ago, in January 2020, I began recording what I see when I am out on my swims. I talked about my motivation to begin this project in an article called Playing the long game: Norfolk Island’s coral reef and lagoons.

But I can sum it up in two words: my grandson.

What will he see when he is old enough to snorkel on Norfolk Island’s reef? Will there be anything left as I know it? Or will he think it is all great because of that hoary old phenomenon called ‘shifting baseline syndrome’?

Fortunately, I suppose, today we have the technology, and by leaving this record of all my photos and observations, he and his generation will have some idea of what we had in our bays in the 2020s. I wish there had been a resource like this for when I began, because no doubt I, too, am a victim of shifting baseline syndrome.

I say ‘I suppose’ advisedly, because how much better would it be if it was all still there for him to see?

Bubbletip anemones

Renowned coral reef researcher Professor Callum Roberts from the University of Exeter in the UK often talks about this phenomenon – the tendency for each new generation to be blind to past losses, and therefore ‘setting their personal baseline of normality by what they first find’. Reef Life, An Underwater Memoir

At the end of February 2023, with his words in mind and in a fit of pique and frustration, I thought I’d spend March featuring different aspects of Norfolk Island’s reef – some of it good and beautiful, some of it frighteningly sad – in order to highlight the amazing stuff that is here and also the detrimental effects that poor water quality is having on the coral reef ecosystem.

This is my last post for my March month-long focus – 26 posts in 26 days – because my grandson arrived on Norfolk Island for a rare visit yesterday, and I fully intend to spend this week enjoying paddling with him in Emily Bay as often as possible.

There is so much more I could have written and talked about, so rest assured I will certainly keep posting about all the interesting stuff I find.

For convenience, I have provided all the titles from the March focus here with links. They are all quick, easy reads.

Let’s not lose this wonderful habitat.

  1. The camera doesn’t lie – looking back over three years of observations

  2. Where have all the bait fish gone

  3. The awesome, giant, black-mouthed tun snail

  4. No coral? No butterflyfish!

  5. Out on a swim – reflections on wild swimming

  6. Draining the swamp

  7. The curious case of the peacock damselfish

  8. You don’t know what you’ve got ’til it’s gone

  9. Phase shifts and biodiversity

  10. Portrait of a slow death

  11. A boring, brown reef?

  12. A rare gem – Cemetery Bay, Norfolk Island

  13. One small fish for one big job

  14. Norfolk Island’s endemics on record

  15. Ageing elegantly – the elegant wrasse’s lifecycle

  16. By the hair of a goatfish’s chinny chin chin

  17. Butterfly, flutterbyfish

  18. We can’t say we weren’t warned

  19. Tiptoeing through the government silos

  20. Beneath the waves in Emily Bay, Norfolk Island

  21. Bubble and fizz – a quick guide to coral reef chemistry

  22. A tale of two corals

  23. A pair and a spare – snubnose darts on Norfolk Island’s reef

  24. Doris – just one turtle?

  25. Black blenny – a new record for Norfolk Island

  26. For the sake of our grandchildren

Emily Bay, Norfolk Island

In Environmental degradation, Fish species Tags Environment, Environmental protection, water quality, biodiversity, grandchildren, Norfolk Island, Emily Bay
← Pretty in pink – the real coral reef buildersBlack Blenny - a new record for Norfolk Island →
Featured
Reef relief
Jul 28, 2025
Reef relief
Jul 28, 2025

Today, 28 July, is World Nature Conservation Day. After the dry 2024, Norfolk Island’s reef is looking healthier – a brief reprieve as less water - laden with nutrients - flowed into the lagoon. These photos show what’s possible. It’s a reminder that recovery is within reach – though renewed runoff could quickly undo the gains.

Jul 28, 2025
Emily Bay's big 'brain' coral
Jul 20, 2025
Emily Bay's big 'brain' coral
Jul 20, 2025

In Emily Bay, Norfolk Island, a single coral bommie – Paragoniastrea australensis – has stood for decades as a micro-reef, harbouring diverse marine life and local memories. Once photographed in 1988 and still thriving today, it remains a keystone of reef biodiversity and a living link between past and present.

Jul 20, 2025
Biodiversity matters
Jul 14, 2025
Biodiversity matters
Jul 14, 2025

Over five and a half years of snorkelling Norfolk’s lagoon, we’ve documented 23 fish species not previously recorded in this area. Some are local ghosts, others climate migrants. These observations help us understand and protect what makes our reef so special.

Jul 14, 2025
Poop power
Jun 17, 2025
Poop power
Jun 17, 2025

Not all poop on a reef is bad poop. In fact some kinds of poop can be a reef’s most important invisible engine. Fish poop, bird poop – even poop that gets eaten again by other fish – all of it keeps the ecosystem ticking over in a way that’s nothing short of extraordinary.

Jun 17, 2025
Glimpses of recovery: what the reef could be if we let it
Jun 13, 2025
Glimpses of recovery: what the reef could be if we let it
Jun 13, 2025

Day 6 of this photo series from Norfolk Island coincides with the final day of the UN Ocean Conference in Nice. After a week of documenting decline, today’s post offers a different view – what reef recovery can look like when conditions improve. Drought in 2024 gave the reef a break, and the results were unmistakable: healthier corals, lower disease, and more fish. This is what’s possible if we act.

Jun 13, 2025
Warning signs: quiet and unnoticed collapse of two coral colonies
Jun 12, 2025
Warning signs: quiet and unnoticed collapse of two coral colonies
Jun 12, 2025

Day 5 of my blog series for the UN Ocean Conference: two long-lived coral colonies in Norfolk’s lagoon died quietly from disease. No drama – just slow collapse and overgrowth by algae. A reminder that not all reef losses are loud, but they are happening.

Jun 12, 2025
Warning signs:  what Norfolk Island’s reef is telling us
Jun 11, 2025
Warning signs: what Norfolk Island’s reef is telling us
Jun 11, 2025

Day 4 of a week-long photo series from Norfolk Island, shared during the UN Ocean Conference in Nice. Today’s post spotlights a Hydnophora pilosa colony where white syndrome appeared suddenly and spread quickly, taking out around a quarter of the coral. In the months that followed, algae quietly filled the gap – a subtle but telling shift from coral to algae that’s happening across the reef.

Jun 11, 2025
Warning signs: coral disease takes hold
Jun 10, 2025
Warning signs: coral disease takes hold
Jun 10, 2025

In Day 3 of this blog post series, published while leaders gather at the UN Ocean Conference in Nice, we see Norfolk Island’s coral reef lagoon quietly delivering a stark warning: recurrent land-based pollution, coral disease, and delayed decisions are dismantling this ecosystem in real time.

Jun 10, 2025
Warning signs: coral growth anomalies – the slow cancers of the reef
Jun 9, 2025
Warning signs: coral growth anomalies – the slow cancers of the reef
Jun 9, 2025

Day 2’s post coinciding with the UN Ocean Conference looks at coral growth anomalies – sometimes called coral ‘cancers’. These slow-moving diseases quietly weaken coral colonies, making them far more vulnerable to storm damage and algal takeover. On Norfolk Island’s reef, I’ve watched this exact process play out over several years. This is how chronic stress silently dismantles coral ecosystems.

Jun 9, 2025
Warning signs: shifting baselines on Norfolk Island’s reef
Jun 8, 2025
Warning signs: shifting baselines on Norfolk Island’s reef
Jun 8, 2025

Today is World Ocean Day — a timely moment to launch my week-long blog series on Norfolk Island’s reef. Each day this week, I’ll be sharing photo essays that document the slow but steady pressures reshaping this fragile reef. Today: how shifting baselines make us blind to what we’ve already lost.

Jun 8, 2025

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