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Norfolk Island's Reef

Discover a fragile paradise – Norfolk Island's beaches, lagoons and coral reef
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Out on A Swim

‘Out on a swim’ is a coral reef blog that tells the stories of the characters who live under the waves and what has caught my eye when ‘out on a swim’ in the lagoons of Norfolk Island. It is also a record of the difficulties Norfolk Island’s reef faces, like many others around the world, as a result of the poor water quality that has been allowed to flow onto it.

This page shows the most recent blog posts. For the complete catalogue, visit the ‘Out on a swim index’ page.

This blog is rated in the Top 20 Coral Reef Blogs in the world.

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My grandson

For the sake of our grandchildren

March 26, 2023

DAY 26 Summary – MARCH FOCUS ON NORFOLK ISLAND’S REEF

More than three years ago, in January 2020, I began recording what I see when I am out on my swims. I talked about my motivation to begin this project in an article called Playing the long game: Norfolk Island’s coral reef and lagoons.

But I can sum it up in two words: my grandson.

What will he see when he is old enough to snorkel on Norfolk Island’s reef? Will there be anything left as I know it? Or will he think it is all great because of that hoary old phenomenon called ‘shifting baseline syndrome’?

Fortunately, I suppose, today we have the technology, and by leaving this record of all my photos and observations, he and his generation will have some idea of what we had in our bays in the 2020s. I wish there had been a resource like this for when I began, because no doubt I, too, am a victim of shifting baseline syndrome.

I say ‘I suppose’ advisedly, because how much better would it be if it was all still there for him to see?

Bubbletip anemones

Renowned coral reef researcher Professor Callum Roberts from the University of Exeter in the UK often talks about this phenomenon – the tendency for each new generation to be blind to past losses, and therefore ‘setting their personal baseline of normality by what they first find’. Reef Life, An Underwater Memoir

At the end of February 2023, with his words in mind and in a fit of pique and frustration, I thought I’d spend March featuring different aspects of Norfolk Island’s reef – some of it good and beautiful, some of it frighteningly sad – in order to highlight the amazing stuff that is here and also the detrimental effects that poor water quality is having on the coral reef ecosystem.

This is my last post for my March month-long focus – 26 posts in 26 days – because my grandson arrived on Norfolk Island for a rare visit yesterday, and I fully intend to spend this week enjoying paddling with him in Emily Bay as often as possible.

There is so much more I could have written and talked about, so rest assured I will certainly keep posting about all the interesting stuff I find.

For convenience, I have provided all the titles from the March focus here with links. They are all quick, easy reads.

Let’s not lose this wonderful habitat.

  1. The camera doesn’t lie – looking back over three years of observations

  2. Where have all the bait fish gone

  3. The awesome, giant, black-mouthed tun snail

  4. No coral? No butterflyfish!

  5. Out on a swim – reflections on wild swimming

  6. Draining the swamp

  7. The curious case of the peacock damselfish

  8. You don’t know what you’ve got ’til it’s gone

  9. Phase shifts and biodiversity

  10. Portrait of a slow death

  11. A boring, brown reef?

  12. A rare gem – Cemetery Bay, Norfolk Island

  13. One small fish for one big job

  14. Norfolk Island’s endemics on record

  15. Ageing elegantly – the elegant wrasse’s lifecycle

  16. By the hair of a goatfish’s chinny chin chin

  17. Butterfly, flutterbyfish

  18. We can’t say we weren’t warned

  19. Tiptoeing through the government silos

  20. Beneath the waves in Emily Bay, Norfolk Island

  21. Bubble and fizz – a quick guide to coral reef chemistry

  22. A tale of two corals

  23. A pair and a spare – snubnose darts on Norfolk Island’s reef

  24. Doris – just one turtle?

  25. Black blenny – a new record for Norfolk Island

  26. For the sake of our grandchildren

Emily Bay, Norfolk Island

In Environmental degradation, Fish species Tags Environment, Environmental protection, water quality, biodiversity, grandchildren, Norfolk Island, Emily Bay
← Pretty in pink – the real coral reef buildersBlack Blenny - a new record for Norfolk Island →
Featured
Norfolk’s water quality – when action is reported as outcome
June 15, 2026
Norfolk’s water quality – when action is reported as outcome
June 15, 2026

A recent Australian Government media release presents investment, monitoring and catchment works as progress on Norfolk Island’s water quality. Some of that work is useful, and some of it was badly needed. But activity is not the same as proven improvement. This post looks at Kingston sewerage, wetlands, cattle, acid sulfate soils, groundwater and reef health, and asks whether Emily Bay and Slaughter Bay are actually being better protected.

June 15, 2026
How surgeonfishes got their name
June 14, 2026
How surgeonfishes got their name
June 14, 2026

Surgeonfish are named for the sharp little scalpels near their tails, but on Norfolk’s reef their more useful work happens at the other end. Pencil surgeonfish, bluespine unicornfish and their relatives help browse algae across the reef – a small daily job that becomes very valuable on an algae-rich lagoon reef like ours.

June 14, 2026
A shrimp storm
May 28, 2026
A shrimp storm
May 28, 2026

While setting my research cams last week, I swam into what looked like an underwater snowstorm. It appeared to be the aftermath of a mass moulting event, with large numbers of tiny, translucent shrimp-like exoskeletons drifting together near the surface.

May 28, 2026
Kingston dredging: what happens when a reef does not fit the framework
May 28, 2026
Kingston dredging: what happens when a reef does not fit the framework
May 28, 2026

This correspondence with DCCEEW is about more than one dredging proposal. It is about what happens when an ecologically distinctive place is assessed through standard tools that do not always make its most important values easy to see. I am publishing it here because that is something we need to be aware of, both on Norfolk Island and more broadly in Australia.

May 28, 2026
Kingston dredging: the project advances, the questions remain
May 24, 2026
Kingston dredging: the project advances, the questions remain
May 24, 2026

Kingston dredging is edging closer, and the paper trail is growing. This post brings together earlier correspondence with the Department and the latest media release so readers can see what has been asked, what has been answered, and what still remains unclear about the project, its rationale, and the protections proposed for the reef.

May 24, 2026
The lime-green coral in Slaughter Bay – a 40-year paper trail
May 17, 2026
The lime-green coral in Slaughter Bay – a 40-year paper trail
May 17, 2026

Green Mountain – the name I give this coral in my database – is a coral I’ve photographed for years as I swim past. Then I found its backstory in the Norfolk Island National Parks archives: a rough map, reused paper, a note in the margin – ‘still thriving’. That’s how baselines begin.

May 17, 2026
What Norfolk Island’s reef tells us about environmental blind spots
April 5, 2026
What Norfolk Island’s reef tells us about environmental blind spots
April 5, 2026

The Kingston dredging proposal on Norfolk Island raises a bigger question than dredging alone: how well do standard environmental assessment tools capture the real significance of a remote and unusual reef system like Norfolk Island’s?

April 5, 2026
Hammer coral time!
March 30, 2026
Hammer coral time!
March 30, 2026

Hammer corals have unique tentacles that are large, fleshy, and tubular; these terminate in a ‘T’-shaped, hammer-head or anchor. Beneath all these softly waving tentacles is an extraordinary skeleton structure, which helps define them as a large polyp stony coral.

March 30, 2026
Norfolk Island’s fishes: drifters, residents and the ones still missing
March 24, 2026
Norfolk Island’s fishes: drifters, residents and the ones still missing
March 24, 2026

Norfolk Island’s fish fauna reflects both connection and isolation. Some species may arrive from elsewhere as drifting larvae, some populations appear to persist locally, and some fishes known from islands on either side of Norfolk have still not been recorded here. This post looks at what old survey work, regional checklists and genetic studies suggest about that more complicated picture.

March 24, 2026
18 Jun 2025 (20)_crop.jpg
March 7, 2026
Alveopora or flowerpot coral – how to tell the difference
March 7, 2026

They look alike at first glance, but Alveopora and flowerpot corals are not the same. The easiest way to tell them apart is to count the tentacles.

March 7, 2026

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