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Norfolk Island's Reef

Discover a fragile paradise – Norfolk Island's beaches, lagoons and coral reef
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Out on A Swim

‘Out on a swim’ is a coral reef blog that tells the stories of the characters who live under the waves and what has caught my eye when ‘out on a swim’ in the lagoons of Norfolk Island. It is also a record of the difficulties Norfolk Island’s reef faces, like many others around the world, as a result of the poor water quality that has been allowed to flow onto it.

This page shows the most recent blog posts. For the complete catalogue, visit the ‘Out on a swim index’ page.

This blog is rated in the Top 20 Coral Reef Blogs in the world.

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Corals in western Slaughter Bay, close to the Kingston Pier Dredging Project

Kingston dredging: what happens when a reef does not fit the framework

May 28, 2026

In April, I wrote to the Minister for the Environment and Water, Senator Murray Watt, after looking more closely at how the Kingston Pier dredging project was assessed. My concern was that a Public Environment Report (PER) may have been too limited an assessment pathway for an infrastructure project that will take place beside a shallow, unusual and already stressed reef system such as ours in the Kingston Lagoon, and that a more intensive Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) may have been warranted instead.

Part of that concern centred on the Protected Matters Search Tool, or PMST – the Australian Government’s standard EPBC screening tool. It is useful as far as it goes, but it is not a full biodiversity inventory, and it is not designed to show everything that may matter ecologically at a site. I wrote more about that in an earlier post: What Norfolk Island’s reef tells us about environmental blind spots.

On 21 May I received a reply from Ms Kate Gowland, writing on the Minister’s behalf, and I have now responded to that in turn.

For me, the most important part of the Department’s reply is that it confirms the Norfolk reef system and its benthic and endemic reef values do not appear in the PMST in their own right because they are not protected matters in themselves. This is the structural issue I was trying to draw attention to in the first place.

I am publishing this correspondence (as an image, below, and as a PDF, here) because I think people should be able to see the exchange for themselves. It is something we need to be aware of, not only here on Norfolk Island but also more broadly in Australia, whenever infrastructure projects are being assessed in places whose ecological value may not be fully captured by the usual frameworks.

In Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Environmental degradation, Corals Tags Environmental protection, corals, coral reef, dredging, Pier, marine environment, marine conservation
← A shrimp stormKingston dredging: the project advances, the questions remain →
Featured
A shrimp storm
May 28, 2026
A shrimp storm
May 28, 2026

While setting my research cams last week, I swam into what looked like an underwater snowstorm. It appeared to be the aftermath of a mass moulting event, with large numbers of tiny, translucent shrimp-like exoskeletons drifting together near the surface.

May 28, 2026
Kingston dredging: what happens when a reef does not fit the framework
May 28, 2026
Kingston dredging: what happens when a reef does not fit the framework
May 28, 2026

This correspondence with DCCEEW is about more than one dredging proposal. It is about what happens when an ecologically distinctive place is assessed through standard tools that do not always make its most important values easy to see. I am publishing it here because that is something we need to be aware of, both on Norfolk Island and more broadly in Australia.

May 28, 2026
Kingston dredging: the project advances, the questions remain
May 24, 2026
Kingston dredging: the project advances, the questions remain
May 24, 2026

Kingston dredging is edging closer, and the paper trail is growing. This post brings together earlier correspondence with the Department and the latest media release so readers can see what has been asked, what has been answered, and what still remains unclear about the project, its rationale, and the protections proposed for the reef.

May 24, 2026
The lime-green coral in Slaughter Bay – a 40-year paper trail
May 17, 2026
The lime-green coral in Slaughter Bay – a 40-year paper trail
May 17, 2026

Green Mountain – the name I give this coral in my database – is a coral I’ve photographed for years as I swim past. Then I found its backstory in the Norfolk Island National Parks archives: a rough map, reused paper, a note in the margin – ‘still thriving’. That’s how baselines begin.

May 17, 2026
What Norfolk Island’s reef tells us about environmental blind spots
April 5, 2026
What Norfolk Island’s reef tells us about environmental blind spots
April 5, 2026

The Kingston dredging proposal on Norfolk Island raises a bigger question than dredging alone: how well do standard environmental assessment tools capture the real significance of a remote and unusual reef system like Norfolk Island’s?

April 5, 2026
Hammer coral time!
March 30, 2026
Hammer coral time!
March 30, 2026

Hammer corals have unique tentacles that are large, fleshy, and tubular; these terminate in a ‘T’-shaped, hammer-head or anchor. Beneath all these softly waving tentacles is an extraordinary skeleton structure, which helps define them as a large polyp stony coral.

March 30, 2026
Norfolk Island’s fishes: drifters, residents and the ones still missing
March 24, 2026
Norfolk Island’s fishes: drifters, residents and the ones still missing
March 24, 2026

Norfolk Island’s fish fauna reflects both connection and isolation. Some species may arrive from elsewhere as drifting larvae, some populations appear to persist locally, and some fishes known from islands on either side of Norfolk have still not been recorded here. This post looks at what old survey work, regional checklists and genetic studies suggest about that more complicated picture.

March 24, 2026
18 Jun 2025 (20)_crop.jpg
March 7, 2026
Alveopora or flowerpot coral – how to tell the difference
March 7, 2026

They look alike at first glance, but Alveopora and flowerpot corals are not the same. The easiest way to tell them apart is to count the tentacles.

March 7, 2026
Norfolk’s lagoonal reef – the 2025 report, in plain English
February 27, 2026
Norfolk’s lagoonal reef – the 2025 report, in plain English
February 27, 2026

We now have the 2025 Norfolk Island reef health report, so I’m taking the opportunity to translate it into plain English here. Sadly, it’s more of the same story in Emily and Slaughter Bays – a reef that can cope with some stress, but is being asked to cope with too much, too often.

February 27, 2026
Halimeda’s night shift – why this reef algae changes colour
February 20, 2026
Halimeda’s night shift – why this reef algae changes colour
February 20, 2026

Halimeda is a calcareous green reef alga that forms new segments overnight, shifts from white to bright green by dawn, then pales again as calcification begins. A quick look at one of the reef’s smartest algae.

February 20, 2026

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