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Norfolk Island's Reef

Discover a fragile paradise – Norfolk Island's beaches, lagoons and coral reef
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    • Algae
    • Corals
    • Everything Else
    • Eels
    • Kingston, Norfolk Island
    • Nudibranchs, Sea Slugs and Flatworms
    • Octopuses
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    • Sharks
    • Sea Anemones
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  • Out on a swim - blog
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Out on A Swim

‘Out on a swim’ is a coral reef blog that tells the stories of the characters who live under the waves and what has caught my eye when ‘out on a swim’ in the lagoons of Norfolk Island. It is also a record of the difficulties Norfolk Island’s reef faces, like many others around the world, as a result of the poor water quality that has been allowed to flow onto it.

This page shows the most recent blog posts. For the complete catalogue, visit the ‘Out on a swim index’ page.

This blog is rated in the Top 20 Coral Reef Blogs in the world.

Cemetery Bay, Norfolk Island, at low tide

Facebook fiasco – and the fishes

January 21, 2024

Readers of this website may be familiar with my Facebook page, Norfolk Island Time, on which I cross post my blog posts about Norfolk Island's marine life. I can no longer gain access to that page. It’s been taken over by a random person hell bent on getting a free lunch. But worse is that this particular scam has been doing the rounds for years while Facebook offers little assistance. We should be angry.

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Tags Facebook, Scam, PayPal, Identity theft, hacker, hacked
4 Comments

Norfolk Island’s inshore reef during low tide and at sunrise

A year in review – 2023 on Norfolk Island's reef

December 29, 2023

Sadly, the year didn’t bring any obvious improvements to Norfolk Island's reef in terms of reductions in incidences of coral disease, or runaway algal growth. And while some fish seem to have departed the scene, another species has re-established its home. Here’s a rundown of what I've been doing during the last four years of observations, and what I've seen happening on our reef in 2023.

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In Ecosystem Tags 2023, Norfolk Island, coral reef, Fish, fish species, water quality, coral health, White syndrome
4 Comments

Free weed!

December 22, 2023

I couldn’t resist posting these beautiful images of floating seaweed. Enjoy!

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In Biodiversity, Algae Tags seaweed, algae, Norfolk Island
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Acropora coral, Norfolk Island, 14_StairwayReef, 14 November 2021

The journey from coral reef to rubble

December 16, 2023

For two years, I have stopped by and photographed this beautiful Acropora coral formation in Emily Bay on Norfolk Island. In my database for this colony, I called the folder 14_StairwayReef; 14 for the geographic location on a map, followed by my romantic name for it. Today it is just so much rubble.

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In Environmental degradation Tags corals, coral reef, White syndrome, coral disease, Norfolk Island
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White syndrome on a Hynophora pilosa colony, Norfolk Island, 23 November 2023

The spatiotemporal dynamics of a coral disease

December 9, 2023

A pictorial study of the spread of white syndrome, over time, in a Hynophora pilosa colony on Norfolk Island. This beautiful coral colony is in the middle of the channel that runs between the contiguous Emily and Slaughter Bays, in Norfolk Island’s inshore coral reef lagoon. It’s one of my favourite places to pause and admire the scenery, when I’m out on my swim.

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In Environmental degradation Tags corals, coral reef, Norfolk Island, White syndrome, coral disease
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The surf breaking over Norfolk Island’s reef, Slaughter Bay

The Water Rats – the Southern Hemisphere's oldest surf lifesaving club?

November 19, 2023

Can Norfolk Island claim the Southern Hemisphere’s oldest surf lifesaving club? Read on to find out more!

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In History Tags surf, Kingston, World Heritage Area, Convicts
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The marine algae Hydroclathrus clathratus, Norfolk Island

Sponge blob!

October 29, 2023

It’s common, wide spread around the globe, and yet I have only noticed it in recent weeks. It has been hiding in plain sight, yet this spongey algal blob, Hydroclathrus clathratus, is edible, and has been found to possess some remarkable medicinal properties. Read on to find out more!

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In Algae Tags algae, Hydroclathrus clathratus, Medicine, research, anti-viral, edible algae, seaweed
Comment

A bubble-tip anemone, Norfolk Island

Do sea anemones hold the key to immortality?

October 17, 2023

A close relative of corals and jellyfish, sea anemones are soft-bodied animals that ensnare passing prey with their stinging tentacles. No one really knows how long they can live, but in the wild they are thought to live for more than a hundred years. They have some clever adaptations that contribute to their longevity. Maybe they can teach us their secrets for a long life!

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Tags Sea anemone, Norfolk Island, marine invertabrates, immortality, telomeres
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Acropora corals, Norfolk Island’s reef

Brown? Yes. Boring? Definitely not!

October 11, 2023

Norfolk Island’s reef is one of Australia’s most southerly. It isn’t showy like the Great Barrier Reef, and I often hear the comment that it is a little dowdy – boring and brown. I’m here to tell you that it is anything but.

For this little photo essay I randomly selected just a handful of my many ‘boring, brown’ coral images to demonstrate my point. I barely scratched the surface of my photo library, yet I think you will agree, the diversity is just amazing!

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In Corals Tags corals, Norfolk Island, coral reef, Great Barrier Reef, Coral, biodiversity
1 Comment

A Norfolk Island endemic species, the Norfolk Island blenny, Parablennius serratolineatus

Atlas of Living Australia recognises iNaturalist observations for Norfolk Island

August 16, 2023

After about 18 months of asking, and with the help of some wonderful people from the data department of the Atlas of Living Australia and the Australian Museum, the Atlas of Living Australia website now recognises iNaturalist citizen science observations for Norfolk Island. Which is definitely something worth celebrating!

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In Biodiversity Tags Citizen science, iNaturalist, observations, Atlas of Living Australia, Australian Museum, biodiversity, endemic species, Environment, environmental protections, Environmental protection
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Old Military Barracks after heavy rain, November 2020

The clock is ticking for Norfolk Island’s reef

August 1, 2023

Three years ago, on 31 July 2020, we woke after a night of torrential rain to a scene of devastation in Emily Bay on Norfolk Island. Arguably one of the most beautiful bays in the world was a fetid, smelly mess caused by the raw sewage that had flowed from the poorly maintained sewerage works and private septic tanks, down the hill and into the bay. Read on to find out what has happened since that dreadful day.

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3 Comments

Emily Bay, full moon rising, by Norfolk Island photographer Joelene Oliver

Full moon, low tides and Norfolk Island’s reef

June 2, 2023

With the low, low tides associated with a full moon, the bays on Norfolk Island are like a huge, calm swimming pool, giving us some great snorkelling opportunities. These low tides should also let us view the causeway, which will no doubt be exposed too. This post explores these opportunities as well as what the low tides mean for corals. Read more in this fact packed blog post.

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In Corals Tags Norfolk Island, Full moon, Low tide, HMS Sirius, causeway, Emily Bay, Slaughter Bay, coral reef, corals, plastic, plastic pollution
2 Comments

A small school of scissortail sergeants with one interloper, an Indo-Pacific sergeant, Norfolk Island

Same, same, but different – confusing fish identities

May 25, 2023

There are a few fish species in Norfolk Island’s bays that are easily mixed up. Here’s four commonly confused pairs, with a few pointers to help you identify them.

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In Fish species Tags Fish, fish species, coral reef
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Purple velvet sea star, Leiaster leachii, as it broadcasts spawn into the water column, Norfolk Island

Casting your offspring to the currents – sea star reproduction

May 8, 2023

In May on Norfolk Island, the day after the full moon and at low tide, I witnessed an enormous Leach’s sea star, Leiaster leachi, as it broadcast its gametes into the water column. What an amazing WOW moment! And what a privilege to witness such a rare event. Here are some images and video of the action.

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In Sea stars Tags sea stars, starfish, reproduction, spawning, Leach's sea star
2 Comments

Close-up of the underside of the acropora coral colony after being toppled in a storm

The resilience of corals

May 6, 2023

On Norfolk Island’s reef, acropora coral colonies upturned in storm surges in September 2020 initially struggled to survive, but now they are now showing signs of new, healthy growth. This incredible photo is of those early days as it struggled. You can read more and see what it looks like today in my latest blog post, here.

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Crustose coralline algae, Norfolk Island

Pretty in pink – the real coral reef builders

April 8, 2023

Animal, vegetable or mineral? What are crustose coralline algae? Are they important? What role do they play on our coral reefs?

There’s a lot to learn about coralline algae. For a humble lifeform, they really pack a punch.

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In Ecosystem Tags algae, coralline algae, crustose coralline algae, coral reef, corals, sea urchin, coral recruitment
1 Comment

My grandson

For the sake of our grandchildren

March 26, 2023

What will my grandson see when he is old enough to snorkel on Norfolk Island’s reef? Will there be anything left as I know it? Or will he think it is all great because of that hoary old phenomenon called ‘shifting baseline syndrome’? This record of all my photos and observations will give him some idea of what we had in our bays in the 2020s.

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In Environmental degradation, Fish species Tags Environment, Environmental protection, water quality, biodiversity, grandchildren, Norfolk Island, Emily Bay
4 Comments

Black Blenny, Enchelyurus ater found in Slaughter Bay, Norfolk Island

Black Blenny - a new record for Norfolk Island

March 25, 2023

This is a copy of the Australian Fishes journal post about new fish sightings on Norfolk Island: ‘This observation [of a black blenny] highlights the power of citizen scientists working with professional ichthyologists to achieve important outcomes,’ Mark McGrouther, Senior Fellow at the Australian Museum.

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In Fish species Tags black blenny, fish species, Fish, new species, Australasian Fishes project, Australian Museum
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Doris, a week after she was taken into rehab

Doris – just one turtle?

March 24, 2023

Many of the turtles that live in Norfolk Island’s coral-reef lagoons are juveniles. In other words, they are the future of their species, and an important piece in the genetic jigsaw. Yet they seem to fall through the cracks when it comes to being protected by the EPBC Act.

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In Environmental degradation Tags Operation Doris, Turtle rescue, Green sea turtle, water quality, EPBC Act
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One of the pair of ‘sometimes’ resident snubnose darts, Norfolk Island

A pair and a spare – snubnose darts on Norfolk Island's reef

March 23, 2023

Norfolk Island’s reef is small and intimate. We can count the numbers of some species of fish on one hand, and that is how I can watch the comings and goings with interest as I swim among them. I love the stories that play out and which I get to witness – these snubnose darts (Trachinotus blochii) are a case in point.

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In Fish species Tags Snubnose dart, fish, fish species, fish behaviour
3 Comments
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Featured
Celebrating Biodiversity Month on Norfolk Island
Sep 7, 2025
Celebrating Biodiversity Month on Norfolk Island
Sep 7, 2025

September is Biodiversity Month – the perfect time to celebrate the astonishing variety of life on Norfolk Island’s reef. From new fish sightings to coral mosaics, every observation is a reminder of how much there is still to learn and protect.

Read more about why biodiversity matters, globally and right here in our lagoon.

Sep 7, 2025
The fate of a coral colony when it succumbs to white syndrome – four years on
Aug 24, 2025
The fate of a coral colony when it succumbs to white syndrome – four years on
Aug 24, 2025

I’ve tracked one plating Acropora coral from 2021 to 2025. In just a few weeks, white syndrome wiped it out. Nearly four years years on, it’s still smothered in algae and sea squirts, with only the tiniest hint of new growth. It’s a stark reminder: without tackling the root cause, we’re just watching the same sad story repeat itself.

Aug 24, 2025
The Candy-Striped Cleaner Keeping the Reef Healthy
Aug 17, 2025
The Candy-Striped Cleaner Keeping the Reef Healthy
Aug 17, 2025

Candy-cane stripes, long white feelers, and a reef spa on offer – the banded coral shrimp waves its antennae to advertise cleaning services to passing fish.

Aug 17, 2025
Biomimicry: How a Boxfish Caught Mercedes Benz’s Eye
Aug 10, 2025
Biomimicry: How a Boxfish Caught Mercedes Benz’s Eye
Aug 10, 2025

Meet Mr Lemonhead – our lagoon’s teeny yellow boxfish with a big design legacy. He inspired a Mercedes Benz concept car, proving how nature is full of surprises. And he shares the lagoon with other critters whose tricks have also shaped real-world inventions.

Aug 10, 2025
Patchwork Corals: How Colonies Fuse to Form Living Mosaics
Aug 3, 2025
Patchwork Corals: How Colonies Fuse to Form Living Mosaics
Aug 3, 2025

Some corals wear more than one colour for a reason. When Paragoniastrea australensis colonies fuse early in life, they form living mosaics. A beautiful reminder of coral cooperation on Norfolk Island’s reef.

Aug 3, 2025
Reef relief
Jul 28, 2025
Reef relief
Jul 28, 2025

Today, 28 July, is World Nature Conservation Day. After the dry 2024, Norfolk Island’s reef is looking healthier – a brief reprieve as less water - laden with nutrients - flowed into the lagoon. These photos show what’s possible. It’s a reminder that recovery is within reach – though renewed runoff could quickly undo the gains.

Jul 28, 2025
Emily Bay's big 'brain' coral
Jul 20, 2025
Emily Bay's big 'brain' coral
Jul 20, 2025

In Emily Bay, Norfolk Island, a single coral bommie – Paragoniastrea australensis – has stood for decades as a micro-reef, harbouring diverse marine life and local memories. Once photographed in 1988 and still thriving today, it remains a keystone of reef biodiversity and a living link between past and present.

Jul 20, 2025
Biodiversity matters
Jul 14, 2025
Biodiversity matters
Jul 14, 2025

Over five and a half years of snorkelling Norfolk’s lagoon, we’ve documented 23 fish species not previously recorded in this area. Some are local ghosts, others climate migrants. These observations help us understand and protect what makes our reef so special.

Jul 14, 2025
Poop power
Jun 17, 2025
Poop power
Jun 17, 2025

Not all poop on a reef is bad poop. In fact some kinds of poop can be a reef’s most important invisible engine. Fish poop, bird poop – even poop that gets eaten again by other fish – all of it keeps the ecosystem ticking over in a way that’s nothing short of extraordinary.

Jun 17, 2025
Glimpses of recovery: what the reef could be if we let it
Jun 13, 2025
Glimpses of recovery: what the reef could be if we let it
Jun 13, 2025

Day 6 of this photo series from Norfolk Island coincides with the final day of the UN Ocean Conference in Nice. After a week of documenting decline, today’s post offers a different view – what reef recovery can look like when conditions improve. Drought in 2024 gave the reef a break, and the results were unmistakable: healthier corals, lower disease, and more fish. This is what’s possible if we act.

Jun 13, 2025

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