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Norfolk Island's Reef

Discover a fragile paradise – Norfolk Island's beaches, lagoons and coral reef
  • Home
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    • Algae
    • Corals
    • Eels
    • Everything Else
    • Kingston, Norfolk Island
    • Nudibranchs, Sea Slugs and Flatworms
    • Octopuses
    • Out On A Swim Index
    • Reef Fish
    • Sharks
    • Sea Anemones
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  • Out on a swim - blog
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Out on A Swim

‘Out on a swim’ is a coral reef blog that tells the stories of the characters who live under the waves and what has caught my eye when ‘out on a swim’ in the lagoons of Norfolk Island. It is also a record of the difficulties Norfolk Island’s reef faces, like many others around the world, as a result of the poor water quality that has been allowed to flow onto it.

This page shows the most recent blog posts. For the complete catalogue, visit the ‘Out on a swim index’ page.

This blog is rated in the Top 20 Coral Reef Blogs in the world.

#LittleFig, my puppa, following me in for a swim at Cemetery Bay, the island’s dog beach.

Penis fencing flatworms

November 2, 2021

Here’s a quick round up of what has been happening on Norfolk Island’s reef in the last couple of weeks. There is always so much going on. Read on to find out about the mating habits of flatworms, and see a busy bluestreak cleaner wrasse hard at work cleaning his wide variety of customers.

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Tags flatworms, Coral disease, Emily Bay, pollution, cleaner wrasse

Surge wrasse - Thalassoma purpureum

Nuptial colouration in blennies

October 12, 2021

Warmer water and some behavioural changes: some fish are getting their nuptial colours on, while others have started incubating eggs in their mouth. It is all happening ‘out on a swim’. Catch up on the last week in Norfolk Island’s lagoons here.

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Tags nuptual colouration, Blenny, Emily Bay, Raft, pontoon, Southern Eagle Ray, environment, ecosystem, water quality
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Bubble-tip anemone

Turtles and snake eels

September 28, 2021

Emily Bay never fails to lift my spirits. Today in my ‘Out on a Swim’ blog, I talk about our beautiful, elegant snake eels. We have at least three different species. I also saw my elusive spotfin squirrelfish, and our two resident green sea turtles snoozing next to each other. Naawww!

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Tags Green sea turtle, Snake eel, banded snake eel, Convict snake eel
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Full moon rising over our home on Norfolk Island, #DownArthurs

Full moon rising over our home on Norfolk Island, #DownArthurs

September full moon on Norfolk Island

September 21, 2021

The full moon last night brought us some beautiful, settled weather, right on cue, which meant I was able to get out into Slaughter Bay for the first time in ages. Click here to read what was happening in the coral reef lagoons of Norfolk Island.

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Tags Coral disease, corals, coral reef, Lady Musgrave blenny
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Emily Bay in the spring sunshine. The seas outside the lagoons were wild this week.

Emily Bay in the spring sunshine. The seas outside the lagoons were wild this week.

Jockeying for space on the reef

September 14, 2021

I won’t lie, it has been a wipe-out in the bays this week with huge swells and poor visibility. I more than made up for it this morning. Everyone was out and about enjoying the spring sunshine. Apart from the turtle. She was asleep! Read here to find out who else was enjoying the sunshine.

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Tags corals, coral reef, Bluespine unicornfish, Green sea turtle, butterflyfish, bluespotted cornetfish
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A school of sand mullet, Myxus elongatus

Report released into the health of Norfolk Island's reef

September 7, 2021

This week’s observations while out on a swim, included some very active and inquisitive green moon wrasse. One, in particular, followed me for a good half an hour as I made my way around the reef off the Salt House. Find out more about what was happening beneath the waves on Norfolk Island this week.

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Tags sea hares, green moon wrasse, sand mullet, school of fish, Emily Bay, water quality, pollution, Sydney Institute of Marine Science
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Convict snake eel - Leiuranus versicolor

Banded, convict and spotted snake eels - know the difference

August 31, 2021

A beautiful banded snake eel, Leiuranus semicinctus, popped into view on Saturday. These gorgeous guys are docile and will dive head first into the sand if you get too close. Read on to discover how many types of snake eel we have in Norfolk Island’s lagoons.

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Tags Snake eel, banded snake eel, Convict snake eel, Spotted snake eel, Norfolk cardinalfish, Emily Bay, cleaner wrasse
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When corals go blue!

August 24, 2021

August is the coldest month of the year in the water here on Norfolk Island, with the temperature hovering around 18–19C. Not only do some swimmers turn a little bit blue if they stay in too long, so too do some of the corals. Read on to find out why.

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Tags butterflyfish, Tracy Ainsworth, Sydney Institute of Marine Science, blue coral, Coral, coral reef
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Snubnose dart

Winter snorkelling on our reef

August 17, 2021

I can guarantee that each time I head out into Norfolk Island’s lagoons I will see something new or interesting. This week was no different. Here is a quick wrap up of some of my more noteworthy observations this week while out on a swim.

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Tags snubnosed dart, Bluespine unicornfish, blacktip morwong, Atagema spongiosa, Green sea turtle, Southern Eagle Ray
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Collector urchin - Tripneustes gratilla

Collector urchin - Tripneustes gratilla

The importance of sea urchins

August 10, 2021

August on Norfolk Island is the coolest month of the year. The southerly winds have been bringing in pounding surf and reduced visibility in the bays. For those who are interested, the water temperature has been hovering between 17C and 18C. This week I showcase some of the different species of sea urchins in our bays and provide a few fast facts about them.

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Tags sea urchin, wunna, sea slugs, environment
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Healthy Acropora, plate coral, in Cemetery Bay

Healthy Acropora, plate coral, in Cemetery Bay

The state of play on Norfolk Island's reef

August 3, 2021

We’ve had more than 55 years of warnings, reports and alarm bells about the water quality entering ‘pristine’ Emily and Slaughter Bays, so we know exactly what is harming our marine ecosystem. Now we just have to fix it.

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The clear water of Emily Bay lagoon on Norfolk Island

Playing the long game: Norfolk Island’s coral reef and lagoons

July 25, 2021

What has taken me down the path from a day job as a writer, editor and communicator to creating a website about Norfolk Island’s coral reef habitat? The story of how and why norfolkislandreef.com.au came into being.

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A platygyra that has dramatically asserted its own space

War of the coral worlds!

July 20, 2021

How do corals assert their space on the reef? Who are the best gardners and protective parents? And have you heard of white syndrome? Sadly we have it on Norfolk Island’s reef. Read more here.

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Tags corals, coral reef, Norfolk Island, coral disease, banded scalyfin, Parma polylepsis, Inscribed wrasse, Notolabrus inscriptus
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Green sea turtle

Winter in Norfolk Island's lagoons

July 13, 2021

This week in Out on a Swim I quickly sum up the problems around the use of unsafe sunscreens that contain chemicals such as oxybenzone. These can cause ecological ruination to coral reefs and to the fish that call these reefs home. Read more here.

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Spotted porcupinefish, Diodon hystrix

A case of mistaken identity?

July 6, 2021

Over the years, the raft has provided shelter beneath its timbers for a thriving fish nursery. Beneath the raft was an amazing sight, teeming with fry. Last year we got a brand new raft made to a different design to the one we had before; now it sports flotation tanks beneath it. Since then, for whatever reason, the fish simply have not used the raft that much as a nursery.

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Slaughter Bay from Point Hunter, Lone Pine, low tide 27 June 2021

Mid-winter fabulousness

June 29, 2021

There’s been plenty going on under the waves here on Norfolk island, while above the waves we’ve just had the most fabulous mid-winter weather. With a full moon on 24 June, we experienced some wonderful low, low tides. Did you know that peak low tides always lag the full moon (and new moon) by a day or so?

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Tags goatfish, snubnosed dart, Emily Bay, Norfolk Island, weather, nudibranch, sea hares
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Cemetery Bay, Norfolk Island

Old friends return

June 22, 2021

This week in the Norfolk Island lagoons saw some old friends return and some new (to me) visitors that appeared in Emily Bay for the first time. I also paid a visit to the more exposed Cemetery Bay for the first time since the storms went through.

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Dead sailor’s eyeballs or glitzy glamour bubbles!

June 21, 2021

The first time I saw these glitzy glamour bubbles I had no idea what I was looking at, so I took a photo and went home to do some digging. A little research uncovered a really cool organism. Commonly known as a dead sailor’s eyeballs, or bubble algae, they shine like small mirrors, catching the light. But the BEST bit about these bubbles is that they are one of the largest single-celled organisms in the world.

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Notch-head marblefish

Notch-head marblefish

The smiling notch-head marblefish

June 15, 2021

Underwater, feather caulerpa, Caulerpa taxifolia, looks like a gorgeous, lush, green meadow.

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Healthy corals, Emily Bay, Norfolk Island

Bounty Day brings some biting winds!

June 8, 2021

Today is Bounty Day here on Norfolk Island. It’s a day of celebration for Norfolk Islanders of Pitcairn descent – the day when, in 1856, their forbears first arrived on the island. Sadly, in the water, we have had some parts of the reef destroyed by huge surf. On the upside, the circle of life continues with some great observations, including large numbers of surge wrasse, Thalassoma purpureum, and much more.

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Featured
18 Jun 2025 (20)_crop.jpg
Mar 7, 2026
Alveopora or flowerpot coral – how to tell the difference
Mar 7, 2026

They look alike at first glance, but Alveopora and flowerpot corals are not the same. The easiest way to tell them apart is to count the tentacles.

Mar 7, 2026
Norfolk’s lagoonal reef – the 2025 report, in plain English
Feb 27, 2026
Norfolk’s lagoonal reef – the 2025 report, in plain English
Feb 27, 2026

We now have the 2025 Norfolk Island reef health report, so I’m taking the opportunity to translate it into plain English here. Sadly, it’s more of the same story in Emily and Slaughter Bays – a reef that can cope with some stress, but is being asked to cope with too much, too often.

Feb 27, 2026
Halimeda’s night shift – why this reef algae changes colour
Feb 20, 2026
Halimeda’s night shift – why this reef algae changes colour
Feb 20, 2026

Halimeda is a calcareous green reef alga that forms new segments overnight, shifts from white to bright green by dawn, then pales again as calcification begins. A quick look at one of the reef’s smartest algae.

Feb 20, 2026
Reef real estate – a bubble-tip’s six-year stand-off
Jan 11, 2026
Reef real estate – a bubble-tip’s six-year stand-off
Jan 11, 2026

Reef space is finite, and nothing ‘shares’ it politely. This short photo essay follows one bubble-tip anemone on Norfolk Island’s lagoonal reef as it holds a crater surrounded by Montipora. The coral builds a rim; the anemone holds the centre. Six years apart, and the argument continues.

Jan 11, 2026
A year in review – 2025 on Norfolk Island's reef
Dec 28, 2025
A year in review – 2025 on Norfolk Island's reef
Dec 28, 2025

Norfolk Island’s reef in 2025 – a year in review. From NOAA bleaching alerts and the UN Ocean Conference ‘Warning Signs’ series to post-drought coral recovery and a wet winter revealed in long-term rainfall records, this post captures the wins, losses, and shifting baselines beneath the lagoon. Includes reef photos, highlights from Reef Relief, and standout stories from 2025 – from coral health and disease to boxfish biomimicry, sea urchins, nudibranchs, and heat-stress signals in anemones.

Dec 28, 2025
Herbicides, heritage, and an inshore reef: what happens when land management meets lagoon health
Dec 15, 2025
Herbicides, heritage, and an inshore reef: what happens when land management meets lagoon health
Dec 15, 2025

Herbicide use near Emily, Slaughter and Cemetery Bays raises questions about inshore reef health, heritage land management, and environmental protection on Norfolk Island.

Dec 15, 2025
Signs of bleaching – 8 December 2025
Dec 8, 2025
Signs of bleaching – 8 December 2025
Dec 8, 2025

I took these photographs this morning, Monday, 8 December 2025. A few warm days of settled weather, little cloud cover and low tides in the hottest part of the day have led to some early bleaching on our reef. Bleaching doesn’t always mean death for our corals, but it is concerning to have this so early in the summer season. Fingers crossed the conditions don’t last and the reef can recover.

Dec 8, 2025
Nature is my teacher
Dec 3, 2025
Nature is my teacher
Dec 3, 2025

This is a thank-you note. Five years after my first Out on a swim post – written with zero marine science quals and a head full of questions – I’m still in the water, now as a PhD candidate, because an extraordinary mix of locals, volunteers, researchers and public servants decided to share what they knew. This is the story of how nature – and a very patient community – became my teachers.

Dec 3, 2025
Reef grief: what dredging has done to other reefs
Nov 30, 2025
Reef grief: what dredging has done to other reefs
Nov 30, 2025

From Miami to Fiji, from Dubai to tiny village harbours on atolls, dredging near coral reefs has left a long trail of scars – even on ‘small’ projects. This follow-up to last week’s Kingston post walks through real examples of what happened elsewhere, and what that should make us think about before we dig up our own reef.

Nov 30, 2025
To dredge or not to dredge? The Kingston Pier channel project
Nov 20, 2025
To dredge or not to dredge? The Kingston Pier channel project
Nov 20, 2025

How much risk are we really taking with the planned dredging at Kingston Pier – and how much protection do our corals actually have on paper? This piece walks through what the federal approval does and doesn’t guarantee, explains why sediment and light matter so much to the reef, and asks the hard questions we need answered before we trade a deeper channel for a shallower future.

Nov 20, 2025

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